The abstract is: Qualitative research is just as able as quantitative research to follow certain fundamental principles of logic in general and scientific reasoning in particular. Two such principles are the logic of modus ponens and the logic of modus tollens. In this essay, we frame different research approaches – positivist research, interpretive research, action research, and design researc...

The task-switch paradigm has helped psychologists gain insight into the processes involved in changing from one activity to another. The literature has yielded consistent results about switch cost reconfiguration (abrupt offset in regular task-switch vs. gradual reduction in random task-switch; endogenous and exogenous components of switch cost; cost asymmetry...). In this study we present seve...

This paper is devoted to the study of discrete implications that satisfy modus ponens (MP), modus tollens (MT) or both (MPT). The main goal is to characterize all R, S, QL and D-implications on a finite chain L satisfying these properties for a given smooth t-norm T1. The non-smooth case is also discussed for a special family of t-norms.

Based on our previous researchs about generalized modus ponens (GMP) with linguistic modifiers for If ... Then rules, this paper proposes new generalized modus tollens (GMT) inference rules with linguistic modifiers in linguistic many–valued logic framework with using hedge moving rules for inverse approximate reasoning.

Holographic reduced representation is based on a suitable distributive coding of structured information in conceptual vectors, which elements satisfy normal distribution N(0,1/n). Existing applications of this approach concern various models of associative memory that exploit a simple algebraic operation of scalar product of distributed representations to measure an overlap between two structur...

Uncertain entailment is a methodology for calculating the truth value of an uncertain formula via the maximum uncertainty principle when the truth values of other uncertain formulas are given. In order to find the truth value of additional formula, this paper will introduce an entailment model. As applications of uncertain entailment, this paper will also discuss modus ponens, modus tollens, an...

The main condition of the differently implicational inferencealgorithm is reconsidered from a contrary direction, which motivatesa new fuzzy inference strategy, called the double fuzzyimplications-based restriction inference algorithm. New restrictioninference principle is proposed, which improves the principle of thefull implication restriction inference algorithm. Furthermore,focusing on the ...

Firstly, two kinds of natural distances between intuitionistic fuzzy sets are generated by the classical natural distance between fuzzy sets under a unified framework of residual intuitionistic implication operators. Secondly, the continuity and approximation property of a method for solving intuitionistic fuzzy reasoning are defined. It is proved that the triple implication method for intuitio...