Cryptosystems employing a synchronous binary-additive stream cipher are susceptible to generic attack called ’bit-flipping’, in which the ciphertext is modified decrypt into fraudulent message. While authenticated encryption and message authentication codes can effectively negate this attack, modes also provide partial protection against bit-flipping. PudgyTurtle stream-cipher mode uses keystre...

This paper presents two techniques for the design of digital filters with bit-constrained coefficients, the “bit-flipping” algorithm [1] and the Downhill Simplex Method modified to deliver fixedpoint filter coefficients [2]. Both techniques can be applied both to design filters from scratch and to optimise their floating-point equivalents. They are comparatively presented through an example of ...

Performance of LDPC decoders at high SNR is dominated by trapping sets that induce an error floor in the performance curve. We propose a new algorithm resolves and lowers floor. The algorithm, called Syndrome Bit Flipping (SBF), computes sum adjacent parity violations each symbol node. Bits are flipped comparing syndrome against time-varying threshold decoding key. SBF compared to other bit-fli...

It will be shown that any two triangulations of a closed surface can be transformed into each other by flipping diagonals in quadrilaterals if they have a sufficiently large and equal number of vertices.

We prove that for a flipping contraction from a Gorenstein terminal 4fold, the pull back of a general hyperplane section of the down-stair has only canonical singularities. Based on this fact and using Siu-Kawamata-Nakayama’s extension theorem [Si], [Kaw4], [Kaw5] and [Nak2], we prove the existence of the flip of such a flipping contraction. Furthermore we classify such flipping contractions an...

in this paper, a block-based method in wavelet domain for sar image coding is presented based on the ezbc algorithm. to better preserve edges and textural structure in sar images, instead of using traditional dyadic wavelet transform, a packet wavelet is employed. to improve the efficiency of the ezbc algorithm for sar image coding, a modified version of this algorithm, is proposed. this modifi...

Logic encryption is a hardware security technique that uses extra key inputs to prevent unauthorized use of a circuit. With the discovery of the SAT-based attack, new encryption techniques such as SARLock and Anti-SAT are proposed, and further combined with traditional logic encryption techniques, to guarantee both high error rates and resilience to the SAT-based attack. In this paper, the SAT-...

<span>Gradient descent bit flipping (GDBF) and its many variants have offered remarkable improvements over legacy, or modified, decoding techniques in case of low density parity check (LDPC) codes. GDBF method variants, such as noisy gradient (NGDBF) been extensively studied their performances assessed multiple channels binary symmetric channel (BSC), erasure (BEC) additive white Gaussian...