The waste agriculture materials cause environment pollution, recycle of these materials help sustainable development. This study focused on the impact of used oil palm shell ash on the compressive and flexural strengths of cement mortar. Two different cement mortar mixes have been designed to investigate the impact of oil palm shell ash on strengths of cement mortar. Quantity of 4% oil palm she...

This study established a reactive transport model (RTM) for saturated cement-based materials based on multi-ionic through an uncharged, ‘free water’ and charged, ‘the electrical double layer’ coupled with chemical equilibrium interaction between pore solution solid phase. A set of modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations, including the effect temperature, property, structure changes, have been ...

Polymer modification of mortar and concrete can lead to improved transport and mechanical properties and thus its potential for an inhibiting effect on ASR or on resulting damage was investigated. An accelerated mortar bar test in a NaOH solution bath at 80 oC had already been established as inadequate to assess the behaviour of polymer-cement mortars (PCMs) under ASR, but compared to that of a...

The fuel resistance property plays an important role in asphalts, but available standards for determining this characteristic are presently lacking. In the present work, a number of polymer modified bitumen with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer (4, 5, 6% SBS) and SBS/ sulfur modified bitumen with various percentages of sulfur (1.65, 3, 3.5% based on polymer content) were prepared. Each s...

This paper proposes the mixing design of concrete having modified sulfur-coated aggregate (MSCA) to enhance the durability of Portland cement concrete. The mechanical properties and durability of the proposed MSCA concrete were evaluated experimentally. Melting-modified sulfur was mixed with aggregate in order to coat the aggregate surface at a speed of 20 rpm for 120 s. The MSCA with modified ...

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and molecular fluorescence are used to probe the structure of a methylene blue monolayer adsorbed onto a sulfur-modified polycrystalline gold electrode. Changes in the wavelength of fluorescence for methylene blue on the gold electrode as compared to dilute solution indicate that the dye molecules' state of aggregation and electronic structure have been ...

This study investigates the engineering performance and CO₂ footprint of mortar mixers by replacing Portland cement with 10%, 20%, 40% and 60% fly ash, a common industrial waste material. Samples of self-compacting mortar (SCM) were prepared with four different water/binder ratios and varying dosages of superplasticizer to give three ranges of workability, i.e., normal, high and self-compacting...

Plasticized sulfur/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared by the melt-blending method and the dispersion of montmorillonite (MMT) and the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied. Natural sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were used as filler. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD...

In this paper, a general framework for the analysis of multigrid methods for mortar finite elements is considered. The numerical realization is based on the algebraic saddle point formulation arising from the discretization of second order elliptic equations on nonmatching grids. Suitable discrete Lagrange multipliers on the interface guarantee weak continuity and an optimal discretization sche...