In this paper, we introduce a modified interpretation of the water activity presented in Springer et al. [T.E. Springer, T.A. Zawodzinski, S. ottesfeld, Polymer electrolyte fuel cell model, J. Electrochem. Soc. 138 (8) (1991) 2334–2342]. The modification directly affects the membrane ater transport between the anode and the cathode (two electrodes) of the polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel...

Here, we report a new strategy for the directed bivalent immobilization of cyt c on or between gold electrodes. C-terminal modification with cys- or his-tag did not affect the functional integrity of the protein. In combination with electrostatic protein binding, these tags enable a bifunctional immobilization between two electrodes or alternatively one electrode and interacting enzymes.

Electrochemical biosensors offer the promise of exceptional scalability and parallelizability. To achieve this promise, however, will require the development of new methods for the differential labeling of closely spaced electrodes with specific biomolecules such as DNA or proteins. Here we report a simple, highly selective method for passivating and differentially labeling closely separated go...

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon fiber microelectrodes allows rapid (sub-second) measurements of dopamine release in behaving animals. Herein, we report the modification of existing technology and demonstrate the feasibility of making sub-second measurements of dopamine release in the caudate nucleus of a human subject during brain surgery. First, we describe the modification of our elect...

Electrode surfaces have been widely modified with electrically conductive polymers, including polypyrrole (PPY), to improve the performance of electrodes. To utilize conductive polymers for electrode modification, strong adhesion between the polymer films and electrode substrates should be ensured with high electrical/electrochemical activities. In this study, PPY films were electrochemically p...

Choline oxidase (ChOx) was chosen as a model enzyme for evaluating the performance of CNTs’ functional groups for development of enzyme electrodes. CNTs were functionalized with carboxylic acid, amine or amide groups. Carboxylic acid, amine and amide functionalized CNTs were obtained by acid treatment, ethylenediamine or tetraethylenepentamine chemically modification and ammonia plasma treatmen...

1.1 Modification of Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) Electrodes through Silanization and Chemisorption of Small Molecules . . . . . 15 Michael Brumbach and Neal R. Armstrong 1.1.

Modification with gold black considerably increased the detection current of protruding micropillar electrodes in microfluidic electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The aim of this work is to show how the integration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into multi-wall-carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) based screen-printed electrodes and into graphene-based screen-printed electrodes (GPHs) could represent a potential way to further enhance the electrochemical properties of those electrodes based on nanoparticles. Laccase from Trametes versicolor (TvL) was immobilized ove...

Four indispensable constituents of electrochemical biosensors for EDCs detection in water: effective signal transduction pathways, highly conductive electrodes, various functional additives surface modification, and biorecognition elements.