Higher dimensional automata (HDA) are a model of concurrency that can express most of the traditional partial order models like Mazurkiewicz traces, pomsets, event structures, or Petri nets. Modal logics, interpreted over Kripke structures, are the logics for reasoning about sequential behavior and interleaved concurrency. Modal logic is a well behaved subset of first-order logic; many variants...

In order to cope with rapid growth of congestion levels in urban areas, it is necessary to improve performances of a traffic network which can be one of the basic tasks of transport planning. In this situation „‟build only‟‟ approach, in most cases, is not the right approach. New transport strategies on the local and political levels must be defined and all stakeholders must be identified. The ...

in treating the subject of musical language, a persian musician would be intrinsically drawn to the structural similarities between the persian music and language. indeed persian music and language are extremely related in their metrics, intonations and structural phrases (syntax). although we will draw upon this relationship, our aim in this article is to present “music as a language,” consist...