CdTe is considered as a viable absorber material for the thin film solar cell because of its excellent material characteristics as well as simple, low cost manufacturability. Despite a theoretical 29% efficiency prediction of the cell, its high work function and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) have limited its efficiency to around 17%. One of the remedies of the problem is using a pseudo...

The cell-to-module efficiency gap in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) monolithically integrated solar modules is enhanced by contact resistance between the Al-doped ZnO (AZO) and Mo back contact layers, the P2 contact, which connects adjacent cells. The present work evaluated the P2 contact resistance, in addition to the TCO resistance, using an embedded transmission line structure in a commercial-grade mod...

Optimization of the back contact interface is crucial for improving performance Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells. In this paper, self-depleted CuSCN deployed as an intermediate layer at Mo/CZTS to improve quality contact. This layer, obtained via aqueous solution processing, reduces thickness Mo(S,Se)2 and eliminates multi-layer crystallization absorber by suppressing undesirable reaction...

We have developed a new self-aligned gate technology for InGaAs High Electron Mobility Transistors with non-alloyed Mo-based ohmic contacts and a very low parasitic capacitance gate design. The new process delivers a contact resistance of 7 Ohm-μm and a source resistance of 147 Ohm-μm. The nonalloyed Mo-based ohmic contacts show excellent thermal stability up to 600 °C. Using this technology, w...

Herein, the removal of methyl orange (MO), a monoazo dye, from aqueous solutions was investigated using bimetallic ferromagnetic Fe/Ni nanoparticles (NPs) with the average particle size of 12-16 nm. The effect of contact time, pH, temperature, and Fe/Ni dosage on dye removal process was investigated. The results showed that 60 mg of Fe/Ni NPs at 25 oC and pH= 1 can remove 99.5% of 50 mg/L dye s...

ZnO and 2% Fe doped ZnO photocatalytic nanomaterials were successfully synthesized by successive ionic layer adsorption and the reaction (SILAR) method. The characterizations of these nanomaterials were carried out using XRD, SEM and EDX techniques. XRD study shows that the samples have a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, size of which is in the range 21-23 nm. SEM shows nanoflakes or nano ...

Based on a recent proposal to build an electron-muon collider, we study two-to-two production processes e ? ? + ? f ¯ , id="M2"> ? that originate from dimension 6 and 8 operators. We...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of cavity preparation (MO/DO/MOD) and type of matrix system on proximal contact tightness of direct posterior composite restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS 85 patients in need of a two- or three surface Class II direct composite restoration were randomly divided into two treatment groups. Group 1 was treated with a sectional matrix system combined with ...