BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin type B (MLSB) antibiotics are important in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections and existence of isolates with ability to resist against MLSB antibiotics is worrisome. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross sectional study, 101 S. aureus isolates were collected from patients of five selected hospitals in Tehran over ...

An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), seeded with a biomass inoculum that previously had not been exposed to the macrolide antimicrobial tylosin (mixture of Tylosin A, B, C, and D), was operated for 3 months with swine waste without Tylosin A and for 9 months with swine waste containing Tylosin A at an average concentration of 1.6 mg/L. When swine waste with tylosin was fed to the ASBR,...

In this paper we will overview how data hiding can be done using Cryptography. Basically, we will describe how one can use Steganography for hiding data with Cryptography. Cryptography and Steganography are well known and widely used techniques that manipulate information in order to cipher or hide their existence. These two techniques share the common goals and services of protecting confident...

Corynebacterium jeikeium is an opportunistic pathogen primarily of immunocompromised (neutropenic) patients. Broad-spectrum resistance to antimicrobial agents is a common feature of C. jeikeium clinical isolates. We studied the profiles of susceptibility of 20 clinical strains of C. jeikeium to a range of antimicrobial agents. The strains were separated into two groups depending on the suscepti...

Steganography is the science of writing hidden messages is such a way that no one except sender and intended recipient can realize there is a hidden message. Compared with cryptography we can say that, steganography’s in security work as supplement to cryptography, not replace it. So to add another layer of protection we can encrypt the hidden message (Johnson & Jajodia, 1998). A survey of curr...

INTRODUCTION Streptococcus agalactiae is the most prevalent agent of invasive disease in the newborn (sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis), as well as an important cause of puerperal fever, urinary tract infection and surgical site infection. The aim of our study was to know the evolution of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in this microorganism. METHODS Resistance phenotypes were establish...

D test is a simple disc diffusion test giving high throughput results. It is used to study the macrolide lincosamide streptogramin resistance (MLSB), both constitutive and inducible as well as macrolide streptogramin resistance (MSB) in Staphylococcus aureus. In this test, erythromycin (macrolide) and clindamycin (lincosamide derivative) discs are placed adjacent to each other over the Mueller ...

Chlortetracycline and the macrolide tylosin were identified as commonly used antimicrobials for growth promotion and prophylaxis in swine production. Resistance to these antimicrobials was measured throughout the waste treatment processes at five swine farms by culture-based and molecular methods. Conventional farm samples had the highest levels of resistance with both culture-based and molecul...

background and objectives: macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin type b (mlsb) antibiotics are important in the treatment of staphylococcus aureus infections and existence of isolates with ability to resist against mlsb antibiotics is worrisome. materials and methods: in this cross sectional study, 101 s. aureus isolates were collected from patients of five selected hospitals in tehran over ...

Tolerance to Mlsa has been shown to be associated with clonal deletion of cells carrying TCR beta chain variable regions V beta 6 or V beta 8.1 in mice possessing I-E antigens. To evaluate the rules of tolerance induction to Mlsa we prepared irradiation bone marrow chimeras expressing Mlsa or Mlsb and I-E by different cell types. Deletion of V beta 6+, Mlsa-reactive T cells required the presenc...