In their natural environment, phytoplankton are exposed to fluctuations in incident irradiance due to vertical displacements in the water column induced by turbulent fluid motion. Physiological adaptation to these fluctuations results in variation in a number of measurable quantities (e.g. parameters of P-I curves, fluorescence yield, chemical composition), each of which have different time-sca...

Among possible monitoring techniques, self-mixing interferometry stands out as an appealing option for online ablation depth measurements. The method uses a simple laser diode and interference is detected inside the diode cavity and measured as the optical power fluctuation by the photodiode encased in the laser diode itself. This way, self-mixing interferometry combines the advantages of a hig...

Simultaneous fitting of independently measured sputter-depth profiles of intensities of Auger electrons or photoelectrons from different Auger transitions (AES) or core levels (XPS) is shown to increase the reliability of the thus determined concentration-depth profiles in diffusion-annealed thin film systems, as compared to the usually applied single profile fitting. In this context an extensi...

This work presents a parametric investigation on flow and mixing in a chaotic micromixer consisting of two-layer crossing channels proposed by Xia et al. (Lab Chip 5: 748-755, 2005). The flow and mixing performance were numerically analyzed using commercially available software ANSYS CFX-15.0, which solves the Navier-Stokes and mass conservation equations with a diffusion-convection model in a ...

A generating equation for the mixing rules of interatomic potential energy parameters is proposed. It is demonstrated that this equation can, indeed, reproduce many popular mixing rules. A weighting matrix is used with the generating equation. This weighting matrix approach is superior to the present status of mixing rule development. A systematic framework is given for devising new mixing rule...