Several sweat mineral element concentrations decline with serial sampling. Possible causes include reduced dermal mineral concentrations or flushing of surface contamination. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously sample mineral concentrations in transdermal fluid (TDF), sweat, and serum during extended exercise-heat stress to determine if these compartments show the same serial change...

The interfacial behavior of salt-type minerals such as calcite and apatite is governed to a large extent by their electrochemical properties which in turn are governed by pH and concentration of dissolved mineral species. In mixed mineral systems, the interfacial behavior of various minerals is often quite different from what might be expected on the basis of their individual properties. Predic...

Surface water of Lake Yunoko, a small eutrophic lake in central Japan, was bottled, enriched with glucose and/or mineral nutrients, and incubated for five days in the surface layer of that lake. Bacteria reacted promptly to the addition of glucose. When, however, an ample amount of glucose was added to the lake water, certain mineral nutrients, possibly nitrogen, became secondarily limiting to ...

This computational study performed using the density functional theory shows that hydrated and non-hydrated tetrahedral and octahedral kaolinite mineral surfaces in the presence of a cation adsorb the nucleic acid bases thymine and uracil well. Differences in the structure and chemistry of specific clay mineral surfaces led to a variety of DNA bases adsorption mechanisms. The energetically most...

It was stated by Paul Tillich in 1929 that “The boundary is the best place for acquiring knowledge” [1]. His quotation comes neither from mineralogy nor from surface chemistry but from theology, and is a reminder that boundaries are the places where changes take place and it is there that processes of change can often be properly understood. In the case of minerals, the boundary is the surface ...

At the most fundamental level, interand intramolecular forces delineate the interface between a microorganism and a mineral surface. A new technique, termed biological force microscopy (BFM), is described that can be used to directly probe the dynamics of the mineral–microbe interface. BFM quantiŽ es attractive and repulsive forces in the nano-Newton range between living microbial cells and min...

Surface crystallization of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) on a series of polymeric surfaces was studied using a quartz microbalance system. Polyelectrolyte multilayer films (positively and negatively charged surfaces) were formed on the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors utilizing a layer-by-layer spin-assembly method. The kinetics of gypsum surface crystallization was quantified in ...

Mineral surfaces play a critical role in the solar nebula as a catalytic surface for chemical reactions and potentially acted as a source of water during Earth's accretion by the adsorption of water molecules to the surface of interplanetary dust particles. However, nothing is known about how mineral surfaces respond to short-lived thermal fluctuations that are below the melting temperature of ...