Intracellular bacteria have been described in several species of filarial nematodes, but their relationships with, and effects on, their nematode hosts have not previously been elucidated. In this study, intracellular bacteria were observed in tissues of the rodent parasite Litomosoides sigmodontis by transmission electron microscopy and by immunohistochemistry using antiendobacterial heat shoc...

Even in the absence of an adaptive immune system in murine models, lymphatic dilatation and dysfunction occur in filarial infections, although severe irreversible lymphedema and elephantiasis appears to require an intact adaptive immune response in human infections. To address how filarial parasites and their antigens influence the lymphatics directly, human lymphatic endothelial cells were exp...

Forty asymptomatic, circulating filarial antigen negative (CFA(-ve)) and ten asymptomatic, circulating filarial antigen positive (CFA(+ve)) individuals were followed up longitudinally over a period of 14 years at intervals of 7 years in order to investigate the immunological, parasitological and clinical changes that took place in an endemic area due to natural process. The clinical status, mic...

BACKGROUND Monocytes/macrophages from filaria-infected animals exhibit an alternatively activated phenotype; however, very little is known about the alternative activation phenotype of monocytes in human filarial infection. METHODS To elucidate the activation and cytokine profile of monocytes in human filarial infection, we examined the expression patterns of genes encoding arginase, nitric o...

The successful elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) may be limited because of the absence of drugs effective against the adult filarial parasites, which survive in their host for prolonged period and hence continue to remain as the source of transmission in the community even after several rounds of annual mass drug administration. Available drugs for the control of LF are not effective eno...

common clinical manifestations like acute adenolymphangitis and chronic lymphoedema. But a number of other occult manifestations like asthmatic bronchitis, pulmonary eosinophilia, recurrent URI, pneumonia, pain in abdomen and mono-arthritis of filarial origin in filarial endemic areas remain undiagnosed because of lack of suitable diagnostic tool1. The present study has identified Sd30 (Sd—Seta...

Filarial infections are common in most tropical and subtropical regions of the world. We report a case of chyluria due to lymphourinary fistula in a filarial antigen negative case, the diagnosis of which was confirmed by the demonstration of microfilariae in urine as well as in peripheral blood only after diethyl carbamazine (DEC) provocation test. So In endemic areas, workup of filarial infect...

BACKGROUND Co-occurrence of malaria and filarial worm parasites has been reported, but little is known about the interaction between filarial worm and malaria parasites with the same Anopheles vector. Herein, we present data evaluating the interaction between Wuchereria bancrofti and Anopheles punctulatus in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Our field studies in PNG demonstrated that An. punctulatus util...