an adjuvant is a substance that is added to a vaccine to increase the body's immune response to the vaccine. vaccines containing adjuvants are tested for safety in clinical trials before they are licensed for used. the basic action of adjuvants is stimulating adaptive immune responses. adjuvants, recently licensed for human utlization, involve alum squalane oil or water emulsion, influenza viro...

The Holocene Wolfenden tufa deposit in south-eastern British Columbia, western Canada, preserves a unique record of the earliest stages calcium carbonate deposition resulting from microbial extracellular polymeric substances-mediated precipitation amorphous (ACC) with partial transformation to monohydrocalcite (MHC) and subsequently nanocrystalline calcite. This is first documentation mineralog...

Abstract Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are crucial for adaptive immunity in jawed vertebrates, and theory predicts that there should be mate choice optimizing MHC constitution offspring. In a previous study, we demonstrated non-random female extra-pair males bluethroat ( Luscinia svecica ), yielding offspring was closer to an intermediate class II (MHCII) allele count than...

Abstract Major histocompatibility (MHC) bound viral peptides are the immune signatures to initiate selective and cross-reactive T cell responses. Identifying antigenic targets of adaptive immunity SARS-CoV-2 is a key towards understanding pathogenesis Sars-CoV-2 rapidly evolving mutants. We isolated immunopeptidomes identify naturally processed presented MHC-II (HLA-DR, HLA-DP) MHC-I (HLA-ABC) ...

The Campero-INTA chicken of Argentina was developed to provide a robust bird that can survive under Argentinian pasture conditions with no significant additional nutrition, producing source animal protein for small producers or low-income families. In previous work, we described the AH paternal line Campero and its Major Histocompatibility Complex B region (MHC-B) variation. this work analyzed ...

We demonstrated that the immunological identity of variant peptides may be accurately predicted on the basis of atomic coordination of both unprotonated and protonated tertiary structures, provided that the structure of the native peptide (index) is known. The metric which was discovered to account for this discrimination is the coordination difference between the variant and the index; we also...