Methemoglobinemia is a rare disorder of the blood in which there is an increase in the proportion of hemoglobin present in the oxidized form (methemoglobin). It may be inherited, due either to a deficiency of methemoglobin reductase or to a structural abnormality of hemoglobin, or it may be acquired, usually secondary to exposure to drugs or chemicals that oxidize hemoglobin Nearly 90 compounds...

BACKGROUND The potentially life-threatening condition of methemoglobinemia is characterized by cyanosis, low pulse oximetric readings, and normal arterial Po(2) values. Acquired methemoglobinemia has been linked to the use of the topical anesthetic benzocaine in endoscopic procedures, including transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Yet, the incidence of benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia wi...

1. do Nascimento TS, Pereira RO, de Mello HL, Costa J. Methemoglobinemia: From diagnosis to treatment. Rev Bras Anestesiol 2008;58:651‐64. 2. Warang PP, Kedar PS, Shanmukaiah C, Ghosh K, Colah RB. Clinical spectrum and molecular basis of recessive congenital methemoglobinemia in India. Clin Genet 2015;87:62‐7. 3. Percy MJ, Lappin TR. Recessive congenital methaemoglobinaemia: Cytochrome b(5) red...

Diaphenylsulfone (DDS: Dapsone) is used for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis, and methemoglobinemia has rarely been reported as a side effect of DDS. We herein report two cases of DDS-related methemoglobinemia in an 81-year-old man with organizing pneumonia and an 84-year-old woman with eosinophilic pneumonia under treatment with prednisolone. Both patients initially received trimethopr...

Increase of methemoglobin level is named as methemoglobinemia characterized by functional anemia and tissue hypoxia. Methemoglobinemia can be congenital, but acquired form are more often caused by various drugs and toxins. Methylene blue is the most effective antidote for acquired methemoglobinemia. When methylene blue is not available, alternative treatments such as ascorbic acid and hyperbari...

Preoperative care includes a clinical examination before invasive or non-invasive interventions for anaesthesia/analgesia and is the responsibility of the anaesthesiologists. Methemoglobinemia should be considered, as well as cardiac, pulmonary, and peripheral circulatory disorders in patients with central cyanosis and low oxygen saturation despite treatment with sufficient oxygen during anaest...

www.turner-white.com M ethemoglobin, a unique form of hemoglobin (Hb) with diminished oxygen affinity, is formed and metabolized roughly at equivalent rates under normal physiologic conditions. However, when methemoglobin generation supersedes compensatory physiologic reductive capacity, methemoglobinemia may result. Potential etiologies of methemoglobinemia include a variety of heritable metab...

Congenital methemoglobinemia is an unusual condition in which a large amount of intracellular hemoglobin exists as methemoglobin-pigment in which the hemoglobin iron is in the ferric state and incapable of carrying oxygen. The congenital type of methemoglobinemia is present from birth and is characterized by the constancy of the level of methemoglobin, by the relatively mild associated symptoms...

Acute Methemoglobinemia—A Common Occupational Hazard in an Industrial City in Western India: Aruna DEWAN, et al. Poison Information Centre, Nat ional Inst i tute of Occupational Health (NIOH)—Cases of acute methemoglobinemia reported to the Poison Information Centre at NIOH over a period of six years from 1993 to 1999 were analyzed. Of 1067 acute poisonings, there were 30 cases of acute methemo...

Methemoglobinemia is a well-known but frequently forgotten cause of hypoxia and respiratory distress in patients of all ages. A rare form of methemoglobinemia is divided into congenital or hereditary. There are very few clinical papers and case reports published on literature with regards to this. We report a case of congenital methemoglobinemia in a pregnant woman who presented to us with cyan...