The lung dose and deposition patterns of drug delivered by dry powder inhaler are not known. The effects of inhaling 400 micrograms salbutamol delivered by dry powder inhaler (two 200 micrograms salbutamol Rotacaps), by pressurised metered dose inhaler, and by Acorn nebuliser were studied in nine subjects with chronic stable asthma. Technetium-99m labelled Teflon particles were mixed with micro...

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of formoterol versus salbutamol as reliever medication in patients presenting at an emergency dept with acute asthma. A randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group study was performed in four Australian emergency treatment centres. The study included a total of 78 adult patients (mean baseline forced expiratory volume in on...

The bronchodilator response to cumulative doses of terbutaline administered by metered dose inhaler with and without a conical spacer device and by Acorn nebuliser has been compared in groups of patients with chronic severe and moderately severe asthma. After laboratory studies the patients undertook a randomised domiciliary crossover comparison of bronchodilator response to terbutaline given b...

Delivery of drug aerosols to the lungs of ventilated neonates by metered dose inhaler and spacer (Aerochamber) and ultrasonic nebuliser (Pentasonic) was assessed using sodium cromoglycate. The mean proportion of a known intratracheal dose of sodium cromoglycate excreted in the urine of four intubated infants was 37.5%. After assuming that 38% of the sodium cromoglycate aerosol reaching the neon...

This study deals with the particle size measurement of nine aerosol metered dose inhalers. Calibration was made possible by the use of a laser particle velocimeter (aerodynamic Particle Sizer from TSI). The count median aerodynamic diameters (CMAD) show little variation, from 0.63 to 0.73 micron, with standard deviations (sigma g) between 1.2 and 1.8. Aerodynamic diameter aerosol diagram analys...

BACKGROUND patients with dementia are almost invariably unable to use any form of inhaler. Some elderly patients are unable to learn to use a metered dose inhaler or Turbohaler despite a normal abbreviated mental test score. Studies have shown that in many people this is due to unrecognised cognitive impairment and/or dyspraxia. The executive domains of cognition are particularly important in p...

The absolute systemic availability and pulmonary deposition of budesonide inhaled from a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) attached to a Nebuhaler spacer was determined in 15 healthy subjects. The study was of an open cross-over design. Each subject randomly received three single doses of budesonide on separate days: 0.5 mg given intravenously and 1.0 mg (0.2 mg x 5) by inhalation from a ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of inhalation device (Autohaler versus metered dose inhaler) and patients' subjective opinion towards the different devices, as well as daily frequency and duration of treatment on medication compliance. DESIGN Prospective study measuring compliance in the same patients of the Autohaler twice daily with the metered dose inhaler twice daily, as well the Autoh...

Introduction Basic Concepts of Aerosol Therapy Inertial Impaction Gravitational Sedimentation Diffusion The Nebulizer The Metered Dose Inhaler Differences during Mechanical Ventilation The Ventilator-Patient Interface Breath Configurations The Airway The Environment The Assessment Evaluation of Lower Respiratory Tract Aerosol Delivery with Bench Models of Mechanical Ventilation Aerosol-Generati...