A programmable data acquisition system to allow novel use of meteorological radiosondes for atmospheric science measurements is described. In its basic form it supports four analogue inputs at 16 bit resolution, and up to two further inputs at lower resolution, configurable instead for digital instruments. It also provides multiple instrument power supplies (+8 V, +16 V, +5 V, and -8 V) from th...

On October 18, 2003, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) successfully launched DMSP F16 satellite with the first Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMI/S) instrument aboard. The SSMI/S is a conically-scanning passive microwave radiometer that includes seven temperature-sounding channels peaking below 30 km (channels 1-7), and six peaking between 30 km and 80 km (channels ...

Stepwise multiple regression analyses are used t o explore the statistical (linear regression) relationships between satellite-observed earth-atmosphere emission spectra and meteorological parameters. The stepwise regression technique permits screening of a large number of potentially useful spectral observations (predictors) to isolate those few tha t contribute most to the explanation of the ...

On October 18, 2003, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) successfully launched the DMSP F16 satellite with the first Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMI/S) instrument aboard. The SSMI/S is a conically-scanning passive microwave radiometer that includes seven temperature-sounding channels with weighting functions peaking below 30 km (channels 1-7), and six peaking betwe...

This paper analyzes arrival flight track data at Chicago (ORD) and Atlanta (ATL) airports. We investigate distributions of vertical and lateral position at different distances from the runway threshold in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) and visual meteorological conditions (VMC). In IMC, the observed standard deviations at different distances are similar between the two airports. The...

A bipolar air conductivity instrument is described for use with a standard disposable meteorological radiosonde package. It is intended to provide electrical measurements at cloud boundaries, where the ratio of the bipolar air conductivities is affected by the presence of charged particles. The sensors are two identical Gerdien-type electrodes, which, through a voltage decay method, measure pos...

Many major airports in the U.S. rely on simultaneous approaches to closely-spaced parallel (CSP) runways to maintain a high airport acceptance rate. During Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), aircraft are able to utilize both runways by making side-by-side landings and are able to meet the demands of heavy volume. However, when conditions deteriorate to marginalVMC or Instrument Meteorologi...

Preamble This is the final report to Lockheed Martin on the requirements for a phased array weather radar. Discussed herein are those meteorological requirements that need to be met by weather radars having either reflector type antennas or active phased array elements. These requirements impact the design of the antenna, the transmitter-receiver, and signal processor. Justifications for these ...

Better quantification of atmosphere-ecosystem exchange of the isotopologues of CO2 could substantially improve our ability to probe underlying physiological and ecological mechanisms controlling ecosystem carbon exchange, but the ability to make long-term continuous measurements of the isotopic composition of exchange fluxes has been limited by measurement difficulties. Quantum cascade (QC) las...