There is considerable evidence to support the hypothesis of relationship between paradoxical sleep (PS) and learning–memory processing. It has been suggested that PS is important in memory retention at the specific time course called PS windows (PSW). The time of PSWs occurrence and duration of these PSWs following the training sessions and, the neurochemical nature of PSWs has not been well kn...

This study investigated whether application of acute restraint stress or dexamethasone, as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, impaired retrieval of long-term memory and if pretreatment with opiate antagonist naloxone blocked their effects on memory retrieval. Young adult male rats were trained in one trial inhibitory avoidance task (1 mA, 1.5 s foot shock). On retention test given 48 hr after t...

This study investigated whether application of acute restraint stress or dexamethasone, as a glucocorticoid receptor agonist, impaired retrieval of long-term memory and if pretreatment with opiate antagonist naloxone blocked their effects on memory retrieval. Young adult male rats were trained in one trial inhibitory avoidance task (1 mA, 1.5 s foot shock). On retention test given 48 hr after t...

Vitamin E (vit. E) is an antioxidant compound with different kinds including tocopherols and tocotrienols. The major sources of vit. E are vegetable and seed oils. The recommended dietary allowances vary with age, gender, and state of the person. There have been numerous experiments showing beneficial effects of vit. E on immune system, cancer, and coronary artery diseases in the elderly. Moreo...

Objective: According to the declarative/procedural model, the semantic aspect of language depends on the brain structures responsible for declarative memory. The word pairs task is a common tool for evaluating declarative memory. The current study aimed to design a valid and reliable task for evaluating declarative memory in Persian children at learning and retention stages and to investigate i...

conclusions it can be concluded that the devisable memory-enhancing effects of red lentil (lens culinaris) are due to the antioxidant activity of its flavonoid, tannins, and terpenoids. background since ancient times, people have believed that certain foods or plants can affect learning and memory potency in humans. the consumption of food and beverages rich in flavonoid compounds has been prop...

Vitamin E (vit. E) is an antioxidant compound with different kinds including tocopherols and tocotrienols. The major sources of vit. E are vegetable and seed oils. The recommended dietary allowances vary with age, gender, and state of the person. There have been numerous experiments showing beneficial effects of vit. E on immune system, cancer, and coronary artery diseases in the elderly. Moreo...

the central cholinergic system has been associated with cognitive function and memory and acetylcholine plays an important role during the early stages of memory consolidation. in this study, after training mice were tested with one way active avoidance procedure and retention were tested at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 hours of training and compared with non-shocked mice, in which it took 24 hours, a s...

Both aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases are related with various degrees of behavioral impairments, and among the prime candidates responsible for producing the neuronal changes mediating these behavioral deficits, appear to be free radicals and the oxidative agents which they generate. Free radicals such as vit. E may be important factors in maintaining neuronal integrity and ...