To the Editors: Ocular motility problems related to congenital abnormalities of the extraocular muscles are rare. Such congenital abnormalities may present in a spectrum from accessory additional rectus muscles to the absence of extraocular muscles.1-5 Absence of one or more extraocular muscles is a rare condition usually seen in association with craniofacial syndromes. We present a case of bil...

BACKGROUND Etiology and date of palsy are two important parameters that affect the treatment protocol of sixth nerve palsies. This study evaluated the treatment protocols and outcomes of treatment in sixth nerve palsies. METHODS Thirty-four patients who had sixth nerve palsy were included. Botulinum toxin A (BTX) injection was performed on patients with acute sixth nerve palsy and paresis (BT...

Purpose The goal of this study was to determine if continuous application of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) could improve eye alignment of adult strabismic nonhuman primates and to assess possible mechanisms of effect. Methods A continuous release pellet of IGF-1 was placed on one medial rectus muscle in two adult nonhuman primates (M1, M2) rendered exotropic by the alternating monocula...

DUANE'S retraction syndrome (Duane, 1905) is frequently but not invariably associated with convergent strabismus when the eyes are in the primary position (Duke-Elder, 1964); if a head-turn is present, it will be in the direction of action of the paretic lateral rectus muscle. In the atypical retraction syndrome, the medial rectus is more paretic than the lateral rectus muscle; there is exophor...

purpose: to present an extraocular muscle disinsertion in a pterygium surgery case report: a 61-year-old woman presenting an acute diplophia after a nasal pterygium surgery. the medical rectus muscle was cut during the primary surgery which was immediately reported and the muscle was reinserted to its original site and recovery was more or less obtained. conclusion: anatomical consideration met...

Purpose: Consecutive exotropia is a frequent consequence of surgery for convergent strabismus that may develop at differing rates postoperatively. Several surgical options on horizontal recti have been proposed, but none report a clearly standardized amount of surgery. The present study provides further results of the medial rectus muscle advancement. Methods: Twenty-eight patients, age ranged ...

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare and acquired autoimmune disorder. We describe two female patients with medial rectus paresis as the only ocular manifestation. After a unilateral medial rectus recession and lateral rectus resection procedure, both patients recovered normal adduction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of surgery for extraocular muscle paresis in Lambert-Eaton...

purpose: to compare bilateral medial rectus advancement (bmra) and bilateral lateral rectus recession (blrr) for treatment of consecutive exotropia in terms of final alignment. method: this randomized clinical trial was performed on 14 patients with consecutive exotropia. inclusion criteria included history of bilateral medial rectus recession, exotropia ³20 pd and far-near difference <10 pd. e...

PURPOSE To introduce myectomy of the lateral rectus muscle for correcting exotropia in patients with third nerve palsy. METHODS The lateral rectus muscle of the paretic eye was myectomized without suturing it to the globe. This was combined with a medial rectus muscle resection and a contralateral lateral rectus muscle recession. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to observe the re-atta...