Franchising has become one of the most popular business formats in America today. While franchise formats offer a number of benefits, conflict often arises between the franchise and franchisees. One of the more common sources of conflict in the relationship centers on the fees paid by franchisees for advertising and for the effectiveness of advertising conducted by the franchise on behalf of fr...

The goal of the current study is to determine the optimal level of advertising beyond which advertising expenditure will not be justified by revenues. To achieve the goal first different types of media were rated by experts as to the degree of their importance. Then data ware collected by interviewing the managers and reviewing different media resources. The collected data were then analyze...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of our study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of four strategies using components of 1% Or Less to promote population-based behavior change. 1% Or Less is a mass-media campaign that encourages switching from high-fat (whole or 2%) to low-fat (1% or skim) milk. Using a quasi-experimental design, campaigns were previously conducted in four West Virginia communities u...

Advertising is not only as a tool to increase company sales. Fast development of mass communication tools and added new mediums to advertising media have been introduced the advertising as a key element in the success or failure of a company. Due to the intense competition between companies and the fast growth of markets and changes in consumer behavior, advertising is taken into consideration ...

Based on over 260 estimates, the mean elasticity of sales or market share to advertising is 0.1 percent. Another 450 field experiments suggest that changes in media, product, target segments, advertising scheduling, and advertising content are more likely to yield changes in sales than do changes in advertising weight. Numerous other studies suggest that advertising wear-in does not exist or oc...

The purpose of this study is to design and explain the impact pattern of online advertising on actual purchasing (Case Study: Atieh Saba Holding). The study is qualitative based on the objective and data collection process. The population of the study were all marketing and sales experts at Atieh Saba Holding, and among these experts, 10 were selected as the sample. In this study, data were col...

While it is widely believed that advertising media spending may not be optimal or efficient, it is not easy to measure the inefficiency, or the potential loss of sales due to inefficient ad spending. Advertising media spending efficiency needs to be measured and benchmarked. Here two approaches are presented and compared to evaluate top 100 advertisers’ media spending inefficiency. The two meth...

I firms frequently employ a two-stage approach to promotional activities. In Stage 1, they attract customers to their websites through advertising. In Stage 2, firms generate sales transactions or sales leads through their website. Comprehensive assessment of the promotional performance of pure online firms requires the study of Stage 1 and of Stage 2 jointly. In this paper we develop a joint t...

This paper develops a tractable theoretical framework for analyzing the substitutability between different advertising media, the extent of marketing spillovers in the market, the allocative efficiency of advertising spending, and the sources of total advertising productivity and sales growth. Maintaining the separability assumption between sales and production technology, the proposed methodol...