MOTIVATION For the past few decades, many statistical methods in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been developed to identify SNP-SNP interactions for case-control studies. However, there has been less work for prospective cohort studies, involving the survival time. Recently, Gui et al. (2011) proposed a novel method, called Surv-MDR, for detecting gene-gene interactions associated w...

Two cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in a household are assumed to reflect within-household transmission. However, in high-incidence areas of MDR TB, secondary cases may arise through exposure to MDR TB in the community. To estimate the frequency of multiple introductions of MDR TB into households, we used spoligotyping and 24-loci mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit- v...

BACKGROUND Multidrug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) is becoming a major threat to tuberculosis control programs in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVES To determine risk factors of MDR-TB patients in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. METHODS Case-control study was conducted from May 2013 to January 2014. Resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid were done molecularly using line probe assay. TB patient...

background: protective immune responses induced in the majority of people infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis enable them to control tb infection. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate cd56 and cd16 positive peripheral blood mononu-clear cells (pbmcs) and leukocyte subsets from multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuber-culosis (mdr-tb), and compare them with nonresistant (nr) tb p...

background : due to the importance of the metal zinc as an essential biological element with known toxic properties, and considering the widespread secondary infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa strains with resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, the present study aimed at exploring the antimicrobial properties of the metal zinc in both clinical and environmental multiple drug resi...

This study examined the effects of suppressing c-fos oncogene expression on multidrug resistance (MDR). A2780S human ovarian carcinoma cells with resistance to actinomycin D were isolated and the resultant A2780AD cells exhibited the MDR phenotype. A hammerhead ribozyme designed to cleave fos RNA cloned into the pMAMneo plasmid was transfected into A2780AD cells. Induction of the ribozyme resul...

BACKGROUND In 2013, approximately 480,000 people developed active multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), while only 97,000 started MDR-TB treatment. We sought to estimate the impact of improving access to MDR-TB diagnosis and treatment, under multiple diagnostic algorithm and treatment regimen scenarios, on ten-year projections of MDR-TB incidence and mortality. METHODS We constructed a d...

Drug usefulnessis frequently obstructed by the incidence of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and severe adverse effects. Exploiting collateral sensitive(CS)agents (in this case also called MDR-selective agents), which selectively target only MDR cells, is an emerging and novel approach to overcome MDR in cancer treatment. In prior studies, we found that 4'-methyl-6,6,8-triethyldesmosdum...

BACKGROUND AND AIM The present study was aimed at assessing the characteristics of children with nosocomial multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii complex (MDR ABC) in a tertiary hospital of eastern China. MDR ABC poses a serious threat to public health. However, information on nosocomial MDR ABC in children is lacking. METHOD This study retrospectively reviewed the cases in a tertiary h...

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major concern in countries of the former Soviet Union. The reported risk of resistance among tuberculosis (TB) cases in the Republic of Moldova is among the highest in the world. We aimed to produce high-resolution spatial maps of MDR-TB risk and burden in this setting. We analysed national TB surveillance data collected between 2007 and 2010 in Mo...