The terrestrial vegetation emits large amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) into the atmosphere, which on oxidation produce secondary organic aerosol (SOA). By acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), SOA influences cloud formation and climate. In a warming climate, changes in environmental factors can cause stresses to plants, inducing changes of the emitted VOC. These can modify part...

The focus of this work is on quantifying the degree of the aqueous-phase formation of α-hydroxyhydroperoxides (α-HHPs) via reversible nucleophilic addition of H2O2 to aldehydes. Formation of this class of highly oxygenated organic hydroperoxides represents a poorly characterized aqueous-phase processing pathway that may lead to enhanced SOA formation and aerosol toxicity. Specifically, the equi...

Atmospheric aerosols affect the radiation balance at the surface and at the top of the earth’s atmosphere. They directly scatter and absorb radiation, yet the aerosol particles indirectly affect the radiation budget because they act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). This changes the optical properties of the cloud. For example, an increase in aerosols increases the number of CCN. This may lea...

Via its role in aerosol formation, cosmic ray may affect the global cloudiness and hence climate. Here we show that an increase in cosmic ray fluxes may lead to an increase in particle production in the lower troposphere but a decrease in particle production in the upper troposphere. In addition to the reported positive correlation between cosmic ray variations and low cloudiness, our analysis ...

The heating of the ion-neutral (or ambipolar) diffusion may affect the thermal phases of the molecular clouds. We present an investigation on the effect of this heating mechanism in the thermal instability of the molecular clouds. A weakly ionized one dimensional slab geometry, which is allowed for self-gravity and ambipolar diffusion, is chosen to study its thermal phases. We use the thermodyn...

0

In order to investigate the properties of coral reef origin secondary aerosol and especially the contribution of secondary organic aerosol, ethanol affinity to atmospheric nucleation mode particles (diameter<15nm) was measured at the Heron reef marine environment in the South Pacific Ocean during the first coral reef aerosol characterization experiment in May-June 2011 using an ultrafine organi...

background: klc3 protein as a member of the kinesin light-chain protein family plays an important role in spermatogenesis, during formation of mitochondrial sheath in the mid piece of the sperm tail. objective: this study for the first time aims to compare the expression of the klc3 gene between fertile and infertile individuals. materials and methods: semen samples were collected from 19 ferti...