We present experiments to predict the maximum penetration depth atwhich typical biological structures in amelanotic tissue can bedetected with confocal microscopy. The detected signal is examinedas the signal source strength (index of refraction mismatch), thesource depth, and the medium scattering coefficient are varied. Thedetected background produced by scattering outside the focal volume is...

The objective of this study was to obtain a quantitative understanding of the crateting process over a broad range of conditions. Our approach was to numerically compute the evolution of impact induced flow fields and calculate the time histories of the key measures of crater geometry (e.g. depth, diameter, lip height) for 9 2 variations in planetary gravity (0 to 10 cin/s ), material strength ...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the penetration depth of conventional (CH) and nano-particle calcium hydroxide (NCH) into dentinal tubules. METHODS AND MATERIALS Ninety human single-rooted teeth were instrumented by RaCe rotary system and after chemomechanical preparation were randomly divided in two equal groups (n=45). In the first group conventional ...

results the simulation results showed that the penetration depth and temperature rise of 980 nm wavelengths were different from those of 1064 nm wavelength. it appeared that 1064 nm wavelength penetrated to deeper layers of tissue compared with 980 nm. moreover, temperature rise during 1064 nm irradiation led to temperature increase in allowable ranges. the findings proved the reason why 1064 n...

Aim: To evaluate the maximum depth of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules at the coronal, middle, and apical third of root canals, following the use of different final irrigation solutions. Materials and methods: Eighty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were selected for the study. After decoronation, instrumentation of samples was done using Protaper universal rotary file system till...

Penalty approaches can be used to efficiently resolve collisions of dynamically simulated rigid and deformable objects. These approaches compute penalty forces based on the penetration depth of intersecting objects and there exist many algorithms for estimating the exact penetration depth. However, in discrete-time simulations, this information can cause non-plausible collision responses in cas...

BACKGROUND Through chemomechanical debridement of the root canal is a primary requisite for successful endodontic therapy. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using QmiX alone, QmiX with EndoActivator and QmiX with Er,Cr:YSGG laser for final irrigation on sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules. MATERIAL AND METHODS 75 extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were ...

Background Integrated proton therapy - MRI systems are capable of delivering high doses to the target tissues near sensitive organs and achieve better therapeutic results; however, the applied magnetic field for imaging, influences the protons path, changes the penetration depth and deflects the particles, laterally, leading to dose distribution variations. Objective To determine the effects ...