1 Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2 Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 3 Department of Geoscience, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden, 4 Earthwatch Institute, Oxford, United Kingdom, 5 School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 6 Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, C...

1 Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003IMT, 1432 Aas, Norway 2 Faculty of Surveying and Mapping, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam 3 Department of Civil Engineering, Spatial and Numerical Modelling Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400 Serdang,...

Complexity originates from the tendency of large dynamical systems to organize themselves into a critical state, with avalanches or "punctuations" of all sizes. In the critical state, events which would otherwise be uncoupled become correlated. The apparent, historical corntingency in many sciences, including geology, biology, and economics, finds a natural interpretation as a self-organized cr...

Homogeneous steady models are frequently used in the structural geology community to describe rock deformation. We review the literature on these models in a streamlined, coordinate-free framework based on matrix exponentials and logarithms. These mathematical tools allow us to compute progressive and simultaneous deformations easily. As an application, we develop transpression with triclinic s...

Isomorphic objects in symmetric monoidal closed categories† K O S T A D O Š E N ‡ and Z O R A N P E T R I Ć § ‡ University of Toulouse III, Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cedex, France and Mathematical Institute, Knez Mihailova 35, P.O. Box 367, 11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia § University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Djušina 7...

Several lines of evidence from analysis of impact craters and other morphological features on Ida indicate the asteroid surface is covered with a thin layer of regolith that probably grades downward into less well-sorted rubble/megaregolith. This transition with depth is too gradational or occurs too close to the surface to be expressed in crater morphology at available resolution. Gravitationa...

In this paper, we are interested in the mathematical analysis of a non-classical conservation law. The model describes stratigraphic processes of the geology, taking into account a limited weathering condition. Firstly, we present the physical topic and the mathematical formulation, which lead to an original conservation law. Then, the definition of a solution and some mathematical tools in ord...

Simulation technique has been used for a feasibility study of a prospecting project for deep seated ore bodies. The simulation model is divided into three main parts; 1) The bedrock model the mathematical model of the geology in the investigated block.. 2) The ore model the mathematical model of the "economical" targets within the investigated block. 3) The drilling model the mathematical descr...

Introduction In reviewing and assessing the importance and role of laboratory exercises in earth sciences, we begin with defining the scope of this review. The ensuing discussion is limited to fields of study that have traditionally formed the core of studies of the solid earth, specifically geology, soil science, and geomatics (remote sensing and geographic information systems). Related subjec...

Set theory is the study of sets, particularly the transfinite, with a focus on well-founded transfinite recursion. Began with Cantor in late 19th century, matured in mid 20th century. Set theory today is vast: independence, large cardinals, forcing, combinatorics, the continuum, descriptive set theory,... Set theory also serves as an ontological foundation for all (or much of) mathematics. Math...