We test the elasticity of granular aggregates using increments of shear and volume strain in a numerical simulation. We find that the increment in volume strain is almost reversible, but the increment in shear strain is not. The strength of this irreversibility increases as the average number of contacts per particle (the coordination number) decreases. For increments of volume strain, an elast...

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Materials that undergo internal transformations are usually described in solid mechanics by multi-well energy functions that account for both elastic and transformational behavior. In order to separate the two effects, physicists use instead phase-field-type theories where conventional linear elastic strain is quadratically coupled to an additional field that describes the evolution of the refe...

Optical sensors are increasingly applied in laser material processing to monitor and control the lasermaterial interaction zone. Dynamic models, relating the sensor signals (e.g. as temperature or molten area) to the process inputs (e.g. laser power or beam velocity), provide the basis for the design and tuning of a feedback controller. These models can show nonminimum phase (NMP) behavior. Thi...

From natural objects to man-made artifacts, tiling is all around us: it is the act of rationalizing highly complex form by breaking it up into smaller, continuous components. If well pursued, tiled objects can be easily designed and assembled. However, a geometric-centric view of tiling, whereby a predefined form determines the shape, size, and organization of tiles, has victimized the field of...