This article investigates the relation between mind wandering and the spacing effect in inductive learning. Participants studied works of art by different artists grouped in blocks, where works by a particular artist were either presented all together successively (the massed condition), or interleaved with the works of other artists (the spaced condition). The works of 24 artists were shown, w...

Studies of extinction in classical conditioning situations can reveal techniques that maximize the effectiveness of exposure-based behavior therapies. In three experiments, we investigated the effect of varying the intertrial interval during an extinction treatment in a fear-conditioning preparation with rats as subjects. In Experiment 1, we found less fear at test (i.e., more effective extinct...

To investigate the effect of massed and distributed collaborative and non-collaborative presentation on L2 learners’ comprehension and production of lexical collocations, 105 participants at Takestan Islamic Azad University in 4 groups were assigned to four different treatment conditions (collaborative-massed; collaborative-distributed; noncollaborative-massed; and noncollaborative-distributed ...

to investigate the effect of massed and distributed collaborative and non-collaborative presentation on l2 learners’ comprehension and production of lexical collocations, 105 participants at takestan islamic azad university in 4 groups were assigned to four different treatment conditions (collaborative-massed; collaborative-distributed; noncollaborative-massed; and noncollaborative-distributed ...

Abstract To examine the effects of task repetition with different schedules, English-as-a-foreign-language classroom learners performed same oral narrative six times under three schedules. They narrated six-frame cartoon story (a) consecutively in one class (massed practice), (b) at beginning and end a (short-spaced (c) as part two classes 1 week apart (long-spaced practice). The results yielde...

This case example demonstrates the role of massed exposure in optimizing treatment outcome in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Treatment of a 28-year-old male patient in a clinical routine setting is described. Full remission was achieved after an 8 day period of intensive treatment and proved to be stable at follow-up (6 months). More systematic research including controlled studies comparing ...

Sleep is hypothesized to play a functional role in the consolidation of memory, with more robust findings for implicit, than explicit memory. Previous studies have observed improvements on an explicit motor task after a sleep period. We examined the role of massed practice and sleep on implicit and explicit learning within a motor task. Controlling for non-sleep factors (e.g. massed practice, c...

The way we study material influences how well we retain it. Psychologists have established that spaced practice leads to better long-term retention of declarative knowledge (facts such as foreign language vocabulary) than massed practice. However, determining the appropriate amount of time between practice sessions is complex and depends on the duration of time over which the material must be a...

Learning is highly regulated by the pattern of training. In Aplysia, an important organism for the development of cellular and molecular models of learning, spaced versus massed application of the same stimulus leads to different forms of memory. A critical molecular step underlying memory is the serotonin (5HT)-mediated activation of the novel PKC Apl II. Here, we demonstrate that activation o...