Background: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgery and gold standard for the treatment of cholelithiasis as it has fewer side effects. This study was conducted to determine indications complications this at tertiary care hospital in Islamabad.
 Methodology: retrospective department Surgery, Maroof International Hospital from March 2017 2019. A total 250 patients who u...

amre- be- maroof and nahie- az- monkar is one of the basicfoundations in relation to construction of religious values and thus it hasalways had a superior position in the arguments of motekallemin andfoghaha. its importance in the pyramid of islamic beliefs and thoughts issuch that it is said any disrespect to this foundation will amount to detentionof all the rules and regulations, values, saf...

1983. Organization of ribosomal DNA in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus) and sequence of the 5.8S RNA gene. FEBS Lett. 152:241-246. REEDER, R. H. 1984. Enhancers and ribosomal gene spacers. Cell 38:349-351. ROGERS, S. O., S. HONDA, AND A. J. BENDICH. 1986. Variation in the ribosomal RNA genes among individuals of Vicia faba. Plant Molec. Biol. 6:339345. SAGHAI-MAROOF, M. A., K. M. SOLIMAN, R. A. J...

During embryogenesis, thalamocortical axons (TCAs) organize themselves in defined bundles that follow a unique pathway crossing several anatomical boundaries, which makes them easy to track during different stages of neocortical development. These features render TCAs notoriety as a model to study the extrinsic cues that regulate axon guidance and elongation in vertebrate systems. Amid neocorti...

Background: Frozen shoulder syndrome is clinically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a painful and debilitating condition causing fibrosis of the glenohumeral joint capsule with a chronic inflammatory response. Patients experience pain, limited range of motion and disability generally lasting anywhere from 1 to 24 months. There is a lack of evidence about the effectiveness of therapeutic ultraso...

Sleep disorders may be one of the reasons for concerned sleep. Distressed sleep involves many inabilities such as to fall asleep, to go back to sleep and common waking up during the night. Sleep disorders can be classified under primary and secondary sleep disorders. By the improved recognition of sleep disorders, the variety of treatments now available. In this analysis of several patients of ...

School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom Molecular markers based upon DNA sequence variation have proved extremely effective tools for distinguishing between closely related genotypes. With the advent of PCR technology, methods have been developed that use amplified DNA sequences as molecular markers. These methods require very little template ...

Among 67 or so viruses that are able to infect soybean, 27 are considered a threat to the soybean industry (Tolin and Lacy, 2004; Saghai Maroof et al., 2008). Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is the most prevalent virus and is recognized as the most serious, long-standing problem in many soybean producing areas in the world (Wang, 2009). SMV is a member of the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyvirida...

Microsatellite loci (also known as simple sequence repeats [SSRs] or simple tandem repeats [STRs]) are regions of DNA that contain short (<6 bp) tandemly repeated sequences (Litt and Luty 1989; Edwards et al. 199 1; Jacob et al. 199 1). Much attention is currently being paid to the development of microsatellite loci because they display a number of properties of interest for genomic mapping, po...

Background The IL-17/IL-23 pathway has been implicated in many inflammatory diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, bowel disease and psoriasis, led to the development of several IL-17 inhibitors. enthesis is connective tissue where tendon or ligament attaches bone. Enthesitis cardinal pathological process spondyloarthritis (SpA) related T-cell derived cytokines including ...