expanding commerce, globalization of products and services, and companies being internationalized unceasingly has added the importance of international business relationships. considering the complex marketing under the continuous variations, accessing wing-footed trade information is a key success in international marketplace; and market orientation as an integrated view by determining the org...

Traditional evaluation of firm’s market value in credit risk analysis could be contaminated by market noises. The purpose of this article is to price the credit risk in the distance to default with particle filter approach. Compared to the traditional methods, the estimate of the distance to default could be evaluated precisely. Another finding is that the inflation of variation in firm’s value...

A major goal of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 is to promote competition in both the local exchange and long distance wireline markets. In section 271 Congress permitted the Bell Operating Companies (BOCs) to enter the long distance market only if they demonstrate to the FCC that they have complied with the market-opening requirements of section 251. This paper examines the logic behind sec...

Job Market Signaling and Employer Learning This paper extends the job market signaling model of Spence (1973) by allowing firms to learn the ability of their employees over time. Contrary to the model without employer learning, we find that the Intuitive Criterion does not always select a unique separating equilibrium. When the Intuitive Criterion bites and information is purely asymmetric, the...