Why do some leaders use praise as a means to motivate workers, whereas other social punishment? This paper develops simple economic model examine how leadership styles depend on the prevailing labor market conditions for workers. We show that existence of binding wage floor workers (e.g., due trade union bargaining, minimum legislation, or limited-liability protection) can make it attractive fi...

in this study economic and welfare impacts of establishing irrigation water market in qazvin province as well as potentiality of irrigation water transfer under stress irrigation conditions in the cities of qazvin province were analyzed. to achieve the above objectives, positive mathematical programming model and state wide agricultural production functions were used. to achieve applicable resu...

This paper addresses the impact market conditions on bank deposit interest rates. Examining data for 1988-2000, we find that rates are affected by market size structure (defined as the distribution of market shares of banks of different sizes whether or not the market share is achieved entirely in that local market). This is in addition to the effects of market concentration noted in earlier wo...