An example of game theory is the classic Prisoner’s Dilemma. Suppose you and a friend are arrested for robbery. You are put in separate cells. The police lack sufficient evidence to convict either of you, so they try to get one of you to testify against each other. The police tell you that if you testify against your friend, you will be released, provided your friend does not testify against yo...

Energy use is closely linked to quality of life in rural Africa. The gathering of fuel-wood and other traditional fuels is a strenuous and time consuming task mainly performed by women; indoor exposure to particulate matter, mainly from cooking and heating with traditional fuels, causes about 2.5 million deaths each year in developing countries (Bruce et al. 2002). Modern fuels and appliances a...

Since the early nineties, attention has been given to the possible effects of subsidies and tax incentives (including low preferential statutory tax rates). Most recently OECD concluded a programme on subsidies and the environment with the publication of Improving the Environment through Reducing Subsidies (OECD 1998). This and other studies suggest a significant effect of such support measures...

In the near future, energy conservation and pollution reduction became two of the most significant factors in economic development and social circulate. For analyzing the issue, several models were applied involving the fields of mathematical optimization, economics theory, dynamics model and industrial management. Specifically, they are MARKAL model, Input-Output model, LEAP model and Systemic...

The MARKAL energy-system modeling tool was used to assess potential energy-technology strategies to 2050 for China that would enable continued economic development while ensuring energy-supply security and environmental sustainability. Our analysis suggests that continued reliance on domestic coal, which would help avoid high dependence on imported energy, is not inconsistent with achieving env...