Photosynthetic gas exchange and malic acid fluctuations were monitored in 69 well-watered plants from five morphologically similar species of Talinum in an investigation of the ecophysiological significance of the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)-cycling mode of photosynthesis. Unlike CAM, atmospheric CO(2) uptake in CAM-cycling occurs exclusively during the day; at night, the stomata are clo...

In order to enhance bioactive functionalities of ginseng, an acid impregnation processing was applied as a pre-treatment in producing red ginseng. Acid impregnation studies were conducted, and acids (ascorbic, malic, and citric acid) were selected. The optimal concentration of each acid was investigated in this study in terms of ginsenoside contents. The most concerned ginsenoside, Rg3 was incr...

Research on the relationship between mitochondrial membrane potential and fermentation profile is being intensely pursued because of the potential for developing advanced fermentation technologies. In the present study, we isolated naturally occurring strains of yeast from sake mash that produce high levels of malic acid and demonstrate that variations in mitochondrial membrane potential correl...

Vacuoles isolated from mesophyll protoplasts of the Crassulacean acid metabolism plant Bryophyllum daigremontianum take up [(14)C]l-malic acid from the medium. The initial rates of uptake show saturation kinetics (apparent K(m) about 1 millimolar). In competition experiments, the uptake rates of l-malic acid are greatly reduced in the presence of a surplus of d-malic and tartronic acid. A numbe...

Malic Acid functions in cosmetic formulations as a pH adjuster, and Sodium Malato functions as a skin concfdioning agent humectant. Malic Acid is reportedly used in almost 50 cosmetic formulations across a range of producttypes, while Sodium Malate is used in only one. One commercial method of preparing Malic Acid is hydration of fumaric acid or malelc acid, and then purified to limit the amoun...

Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase activity in immature ;Carignane' grape berries (Vitis vinifera L.) had a temperature optimum of about 38 C, whereas malic enzyme activity rose with increasing temperature between 10 and 46 C. In vitro temperature inactivation rates for the PEP carboxylase were markedly greater than for the malic enzyme activity. From the simultaneous action of malic acid-pr...

this article addresses the interplay between heat of hydration and physico-mechanical properties of calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate in the presence of retarding additives such as citric and malic acids and sodium citrate. the heat of hydration was measured using a semi-isothermal calorimeter. results proved that citric and malic acids had superior impact on hydration and mechanical properties. whi...

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, L-malic acid transport is not carrier mediated and is limited to slow, simple diffusion of the undissociated acid. Expression in S. cerevisiae of the MAE1 gene, encoding Schizosaccharomyces pombe malate permease, markedly increased L-malic acid uptake in this yeast. In this strain, at pH 3.5 (encountered in industrial processes), L-malic acid uptake involves Mae1p-m...

DL-Malic acid-grown cells of the yeast Hansenula anomala formed a saturable transport system that mediated accumulative transport of L-malic acid with the following kinetic parameters at pH 5.0: Vmax, 0.20 nmol.s-1.mg (dry weight)-1; Km, 0.076 mM L-malate. Uptake of malic acid was accompanied by proton disappearance from the external medium with rates that followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics as ...