• Maldistribution of flow in parallel boiling microchannels, induced by the Ledinegg instability, is directly measured The severity maldistribution and temperature difference between channels grows with increasing power Under most extreme conditions recorded, as much 96.5% total rate directed through one channel Transient data are presented to illustrate hydrodynamic excursion resulting from in...

Two-phase flow boiling is susceptible to the Ledinegg instability, which can result in non-uniform distribution between parallel channels and thereby adversely impact heat transfer performance. This study experimentally assesses effect of thermal coupling microchannels on maldistribution caused by instability compares results our prior theoretical predictions. A system with two investigated usi...

BACKGROUND Asymptomatic Plasmodium spp. infections and anemia are highly prevalent conditions in tropical regions. We studied whether asymptomatic parasitemia induces hepcidin- and/or cytokine-mediated iron maldistribution and anemia. DESIGN AND METHODS A group of 1197 Indonesian schoolchildren, aged 5-15 years, were screened by microscopy for the presence of parasitemia. Concentrations of he...

Flow maldistribution, resulting from bubbles or other particulate matter, can lead to drastic performance degradation in devices that employ parallel microchannels for heat transfer. In this work, direct numerical simulations of fluid flow through a prescribed parallel microchannel geometry are performed and coupled with active control of actuated microvalves to effectively identify and reduce ...

BACKGROUND Progress toward universal health coverage in many low- and middle-income countries is hindered by the lack of an adequate health workforce that can deliver quality services accessible to the entire population. METHODS We used a health labour market framework to investigate the key indicators of the dynamics of the health labour market in Cameroon, Kenya, Sudan, and Zambia, and iden...

This essay is an initial exploration of the dimensions of the equity/sustainability linkage from the perspective of public goods analysis. Sustainability requires an abundance of public goods. Where these commons lack governance, sustainability is at risk. Equity is a critical component of sustainability that can itself be viewed as a public good, subject to deterioration (maldistribution) when...

Ensuring universal access to skilled, motivated and supported health workers, especially in remote and rural communities , is a necessary condition for realizing the human right to health, a matter of social justice. It is also at the core of each and every global health goal – the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals, primary health care, immunization, and control of HIV/AIDS, malaria ...

The sustainability of inland water resources worldwide is becoming increasingly endangered as climate change contributes to the human-induced problems supply scarcity and maldistribution [...]