The positions of cations in x-ray structures are modulated by sequence, conformation, and ligand interactions. The goal here is to use x-ray diffraction to help resolve structural and thermodynamic roles of specifically localized cations in DNA-anthracycline complexes. We describe a 1.34 A resolution structure of a CGATCG(2)-adriamycin(2) complex obtained from crystals grown in the presence of ...

Bivalent cations play a lot of roles in human brain. Calcium, magnesium zinc ,copper and other cations are involved in normal functions of the brain .The most important mechanisms of action for cations are : modulation of the presynaptic release of some neuromediators , influence on neuronal ionic channels, induction of changes in some receptors activity, influence on the transporters of neurom...

Here we demonstrate that monovalent cations can localize around B-DNA in geometrically regular, sequence-specific sites in oligonucleotide crystals. Positions of monovalent ions were determined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction of DNA crystals grown in the presence of thallium(I) cations (Tl(+)). Tl(+) has previously been shown to be a useful K(+) mimic. Tl(+) positions determined by refin...

The SLC22 family of transporters is mostly composed non-selective transporters, which are expressed highly in liver, kidney and intestine, playing a major role drug disposition. may be divided into three subfamilies based on the nature substrate transported: organic cations (OCTs), anions (OATs) zwiterrion/cations (OCTN). Membrane topology predicted to contain 12 TM domains with intracellular t...

groundwater quality regarding major anions and cations in the birjand plain located in the largest desert in eastern iran was monitored in this study. fifteen boreholes were considered as sampling stations and the parameters ph, tds, ec and major anions and cations were measured in groundwater samples. the dominant groundwater types can be introduced as sodium-chloride and magnesium-sulphate. t...

Groundwater quality regarding major anions and cations in the Birjand Plain located in the largest desert in Eastern Iran was monitored in this study. Fifteen boreholes were considered as sampling stations and the parameters pH, TDS, EC and major anions and cations were measured in groundwater samples. The dominant groundwater types can be introduced as sodium-chloride and magnesium-sulphate. T...