Ions can enhance water flow through the xylem via changes in the hydraulic resistance at border pit membranes. Because flow between adjacent xylem vessels occurs primarily via bordered pit fields, it is hypothesized that xylem sap ion concentrations would affect lateral movement of water more than longitudinal flow. Using tomato as a model system, evidence is presented for ion-mediated changes ...

It has been observed that electronic magnification of imagery results in a decrease in the apparent contrast of the magnified image relative to the original. The decrease in perceived contrast might be due to a combination of image blur and of sub-sampling the larger range of contrasts in the original image. In a series of experiments, we measured the effect on apparent contrast of magnificatio...

Background: In recent years, silver nanoparticles due to their antimicrobial properties, have formed about 56% of nanoparticles global production. Since the released nanoparticles ultimately enter water ecosystems, their maximum toxic effects are magnified in aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study is to show how salinity can decrease the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on exposed rai...

Fig 7. Scanning Electron Micrographs ofMegaloolithus jabulpurensis (VPL/CCE—5C) eggshells. A, Fan shaped spherolith (SP) and pore canal (PC). B, Spongy layer of the spherolith magnified showing arcuate accretion lines and various fracture patterns. C, Spongy layer further magnified to show the typical “Herring-Bone” Pattern. D, Inner eggshell surface showing mamillae with resorption crater (RC)...