A practical 3D positioning system was developed based on the mathematical models of 3D magnetic field induced by a single loop coil. Mathematical expression of the magnetic intensity in 3D space was derived in detail. 3D positioning using magnetic field provides a new approach to detect the location of a non-visible target inside a non-magnet-shielded object such as human body by taking advanta...

In this paper, we demonstrate a miniature magnetic-force-based, three-axis, AC magnetic sensor with piezoelectric/vibrational energy-harvesting functions. For magnetic sensing, the sensor employs a magnetic-mechanical-piezoelectric configuration (which uses magnetic force and torque, a compact, single, mechanical mechanism, and the piezoelectric effect) to convert x-axis and y-axis in-plane and...

This paper proposes a needle-type giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor for very low magnetic fluid weight density of ferrofluid estimation. The magnetic fluids or ferrofluids due to their biocompatibility are used for various applications in medicine such as cancer treatment, magnetic resonance imagining (MRI), cell separation and also to detect the bacteria. The high sensitivity of GMR sensor ...

With the advancements in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, magnetic and inertial sensors are becoming more and more accurate, lightweight, smaller in size as well as low-cost, which in turn boosts their applications in human movement analysis. However, challenges still exist in the field of sensor orientation estimation, where magnetic disturbance represents one of the obstac...

Magnetoresistive sensors are widely used for biosensing by detecting the signal from magnetic labels bound to a functionalized area that usually covers the entire sensor structure. Magnetic labels magnetized by a homogeneous applied magnetic field weaken and strengthen the applied field when they are over and outside the sensor area, respectively, and the detailed origin of the sensor signal in...