We have studied the effect of intrathecal administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on the minimum alveolar anaesthetic concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in rats. In Wistar rats fitted with indwelling intrathecal catheters, we determined the MAC of isoflurane after administration of a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, APV (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 30 micrograms), a non-c...

Calcified amorphous tumor (CAT) is characterized as a non-neoplastic calcified, cardiac mass. A CAT is sometimes detected adjacent to a mitral annular calcification (MAC), suggesting its association with MAC. A 75-year-old woman with known history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea. Echocardiography showed MAC, left atrial enlargement and left ventric...

We analyze greedy algorithms for broadcasting messages throughout a multi-hop wireless network, using a slot-based model that includes message collisions without collision detection. Our algorithms are split formally into two pieces: a high-level piece for broadcast and a low-level piece for contention management. We accomplish the split using abstract versions of the MAC layer to encapsulate t...

underwater acoustic wireless sensor network (uawsn) use acoustic signalsto transmit data. acoustic signals in underwater environment have high bit errorrate, long propagation delay and limited bandwidth. another constraint in uwasnis energy. due to these constraints, design of energy and bandwidth efficient andpropagation delay aware mac protocol is a great challenge in uwasn.underwater sensor ...

Data communication between nodes is carried out under Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol which is defined at data link layer. The MAC protocols are responsible to communicate and coordinate between nodes according to the defined standards in WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks). The design of a MAC protocol should also address the issues of energy efficiency and transmission efficiency. There are n...

A Mobile Sensor Network is a geographically distributed network which owes its name to the presence of mobile sink or sensor nodes within the network. In this paper we will present and discuss the energy-efficient contention-based and scheduled based medium access control (MAC) protocols for mobile sensor networks (MSNs). Most of the MAC protocols such as T-MAC , D-MAC, and the more commonly ut...

MAC protocols employ identical schedules for both unicast and broadcast packet transmissions, and modify their ―unicast schedule‖ to work with broadcast packets. For instance, IEEE 802.11 cannot perform an RTS / CTS handshake for broadcast packets, and thus only utilizes CSMA for broadcast packets, regardless of the impact on life or contention. The MAC schedule should be chosen to maximize the...

BACKGROUND Little is known about pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in human T lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) carriers. A study was undertaken to investigate and clarify the characteristics of pulmonary MAC infection in these subjects. METHODS Twenty nine patients with pulmonary MAC infection without any underlying pulmonary disorder were investigated. The clinical fea...

: A Key Challenge in wireless sensor networks is the power efficiency as sensor nodes are small sized, low power, low cost micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) which is capable of Sensing, Computing and Communicating. In this paper on the basis of different T-MAC protocols like BMAC, SPEC-MAC-D, X-MAC the protocol MIX-MAC is analyzed on the basis of power used and network delay, so that life ...