In a case of a driving ability assessment, hair analysis for ethyl glucuronide (EtG) was requested by the authorities. The person concerned denied alcohol consumption and did not present any clinical sign of alcoholism. However, EtG was found in concentrations of up to 910pg/mg in hair from different sampling dates suggesting an excessive drinking behavior. The person declared to use a hair lot...

It is shown that the ITG-ETG symmetry is nonlinearly broken due to the different response of respectively electrons and ions to Zonal Flows (ZF). ITG is dominated by ITG-ZF nonlinear interactions and turbulence spreading, resulting in size-scaling of the associated turbulent transport. Meanwhile, nonlinear toroidal mode coupling dominates ETG saturation and ETG-ZF interactions enter on the long...

Use and abuse of alcohol are common findings when unnatural deaths are investigated as evidenced by high blood- and urine- alcohol concentrations (BAC and UAC) at autopsy. Because ethanol is metabolized in the liver until the time of death, the autopsy BAC or UAC might be negative even though the deceased had consumed alcohol in the immediate ante-mortem period. Analysis of the non-oxidative me...

In this study we characterize the presence of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) of chicks by immunohistochemistry with the M35 antibody. Some M35-immunoreactive fibers were observed emerging from the retinal optic nerve insertion, suggesting that they could be centrifugal fibers. Indeed, intraocular injections of cholera toxin B (CTb), a retrograde tra...

Aims: The aim of the study was to analyse ETG in hair samples treated by a hair straightener. Methods: Positive EtG hair samples were treated with hair straightener during 1 min at 200°C. Treated and non treated hair were analysed for EtG by GC/MS-NICI after solid phase extraction and heptafluorobutyric anhydride derivatization . Results: In 11 samples an average decrease was found 24% and in 5...

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a direct ethanol biomarker and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has advised that specificity studies at low EtG levels are needed for distinction of ethanol consumption and incidental exposure. The authors report urinary EtG excretion with ethanol abstinence, dermal exposure and oral consumption. EtG concentration by sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem ...

Aims: Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are conjugated ethanol metabolites formed in low amounts after alcohol consumption. Compared with ethanol, EtG and EtS are excreted in urine for a prolonged time, making them useful as sensitive alcohol biomarkers. This study determined the detection times for EtG and EtS in alcoholic patients undergoing alcohol detoxification. Methods: Alco...

We present an analysis of high quality spectra of members of the young cluster M35. By using a multi-fiber spectrograph, we are able to collect high signal–to–noise, high resolution spectra of a sample of photometric candidate members. Accurate radial velocities are used to establish the membership status and rotational velocities are measured using cross-correlation. We also derive the metal c...

Haplogroup E, defined by mutation M40, is the most common human Y chromosome clade within Africa. To increase the level of resolution of haplogroup E, we disclosed the phylogenetic relationships among 729 mutations found in 33 haplogroup DE Y-chromosomes sequenced at high coverage in previous studies. Additionally, we dissected the E-M35 subclade by genotyping 62 informative markers in 5,222 sa...