BACKGROUND Phage display is a leading technology for selection of binders with affinity for specific target molecules. Polypeptides are normally displayed as fusions to the major coat protein VIII (pVIII) or the minor coat protein III (pIII). Whereas pVIII display suffers from drawbacks such as heterogeneity in display levels and polypeptide fusion size limitations, toxicity and infection inter...

cytoskeletal reorganization, morphogenesis, and cell migration (Figure 1). β 1 Pix also exhibits non-canonical activities in which it serves as a scaffolding protein in some signaling pathways (Pavlov et al., 2010). Staruschenko and Sorokin (2012) also provide an overview of the expression of βPix in the kidney and the various roles of βPix in kidney function. Recently, βPix expression has been...

The Salvador-Warts-Hippo (Hippo) pathway is a conserved regulator of organ size and is deregulated in human cancers. In epithelial tissues, the Hippo pathway is regulated by fundamental cell biological properties, such as polarity and adhesion, and coordinates these with tissue growth. Despite its importance in disease, development, and regeneration, the complete set of proteins that regulate H...

Bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAdV3) is being used in the development of potential vehicles for gene therapy and vectored vaccine. To that end, a more comprehensive description of BAdV3 biology is essential. In this study, we focused on the role of pIX in BAdV3 virion rescue after full-length BAdV3 genome transfection. Initially, pIX deletion or initiation codon mutation abolished the production of...

SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule)-associated protein (SAP) is a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing adaptor expressed in T cells and natural killer cells. Its essential role in immune responses is underscored by the recent finding that mutations in SAP result in a rare but fatal X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP). Although SAP is known to associate with SLAM-family rece...

The 14.4-kDa hexon-associated protein IX (pIX) acts as a cement in the capsids of primate adenoviruses and confers a thermostable phenotype. Here we show that deletion of amino acids 100 to 114 of adenovirus type 5 pIX, which eliminates the conserved coiled-coil domain, impairs its capacity to self-associate. However, pIXDelta100-114 is efficiently incorporated into the viral capsid, and the re...

We present a system that enables flexible and efficient phrase matching in XML documents. Since XML allows structured and unstructured information to be interleaved, phrase matching in XML raises new challenges. Our system, named PIX, permits phrase matching in XML documents that contain “mixed content”. A key feature of PIX is that users can specify which element and content to ignore when mat...

Pixantrone (BBR2778) (PIX) and mitoxantrone share the same mechanism of action because both drugs act as DNA intercalants and inhibitors of topoisomerase II. PIX is an interesting candidate immunosuppressant for the treatment of autoimmune diseases because of its reduced cardiotoxicity compared with mitoxantrone. The clinical response to conventional immunosuppressive treatments is poor in some...

The roles of P21-activated kinase (PAK) in the regulation of axon outgrowth downstream of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are poorly understood. Here we show that PAK1-3 and PIX are expressed in the developing spinal cord and differentially localize to point contacts and filopodial tips within motile growth cones. Using a specific interfering peptide called PAK18, we found that axon outgrow...

We have made a wide phylogenetic survey of Pix proteins, which are constituents of vertebrate centrioles in most eukaryotes. We have also surveyed the presence and structure of flagella or cilia and centrioles in these organisms, as far as is possible from published information. We find that Pix proteins are present in a vast range of eukaryotes, but not all. Where centrioles are absent so are ...