the global environmental concerns have put the light weighting of structures on the fore front of the research in transportation industry. among other light weight alloys, the transportation industry is considering magnesium intensive light body-in-white structure in automotive applications. although the research in modeling technique areas is very active, a suitable practical model mimicking t...

foundations behavior is affected by soil behavior which can vary from dilative to contractive depending on the stress level, particularly in dense frictional soils. the zero extension lines (zel) method has been generally developed to predict the foundations behavior. knowledge of soil behavior enables the zel method to predict the general and local shear failure modes. in this paper, a relativ...

among the intermolecular interactions, the casimir and van der waals forces are the most important forces that highly affect the behavior of nanostructures. this paper studies the effect of such forces on the adhesion of cantilever freestanding nanostructures. the nanostructures are made of a freestanding nano-beam which is suspended between two upper and lower conductive surfaces. the linear s...

If the measurement of production in a commons is accurate and precise, it is possible to design a tradable permit program such that, under a fairly general set of conditions, the market equilibrium is efficient for the given aggregate permit level and everyone is better off after the permit program than before. Often, however, implementation of a tradable permit system is postponed or never und...

A waste-to-energy firm that recycles organic waste with energy recovery performs two environmentally beneficial functions: it diverts waste from landfill, and it produces renewable energy. At the same time, the waste-to-energy firm serves and collects revenue from two types of customers: waste generators who pay for waste disposal service, and electricity consumers who buy energy. Given the pro...

Existing approaches to modeling mismatch effects in matching-critical circuits are based upon models derived under the widely accepted premise that distributed parameter devices can be modeled with lumped parameter models. It is shown in this paper that the lumped parameter models do not consistently reflect device performance and introduce substantial errors in matching-critical circuits if ei...

This paper deals with second-best pollution taxation by investigating allocations instead of the corresponding tax rates. Assuming certain restrictions on utility and that the marginal revenue from environmental taxation is positive, it is shown that environmental quality is higher in second best where only distortionary taxes are used to finance public expenditures than in the first-best optim...

Let {(Xi; Yi): i= : : : ;−1; 0; 1; : : :} be a doubly in nite renewal-reward process, where {Xi: i= : : :− 1; 0; 1; : : :} is an i.i.d. sequence of renewal cycle lengths and Yi= g(Xi−q; Xi−q+1; : : : ; Xi) is the lump reward earned at the end of the ith renewal cycle, with some function g :R q+1 → R . Starting with the rst renewal cycle (of duration X1) at the time origin, let C(t) denote the e...