Physiological changes during pregnancy can affect drug pharmacokinetics. Here we present a population pharmacokinetic model to describe the longitudinal change of unbound lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/RTV) PK parameters with gestational age, and to predict unbound LPV concentrations under different dosing regimens. The changes in apparent intrinsic clearances of LPV and RTV during pregnancy are desc...

Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is considered by many as the first choice protease inhibitor (PI) for children. This co-formulation avoids the need for children to take ritonavir separately to "boost" the levels of lopinavir. LPV/r has high virologic potency, an excellent toxicity profile and a high barrier to the development of viral resistance. However, LPV/r has poor tolerability of the oral sus...

This paper presents the analysis method of quasi-LPV models, comparing the ellipsoid set which contains the reachable set of a nonlinear system to de ne which quasi-LPV model is less conservative to represent the nonlinear dynamics. Three quasi-LPV models are constructed from a nonlinear model using three di erent methods, to facilitate synthesis of an LPV controller for the nonlinear system. T...

This paper describes the development of linear parameter varying (LPV) models and an LPV-H∞ controller for one degree of freedom (DoF) electro-hydraulic systems. A virtual set-up consists of a hydraulic actuator driven by a servovalve and supplied from a constant-pressure power unit. The LPV models are derived based on two techniques: black-box modeling and the analytical description of the sys...

BACKGROUND In HIV-infected patients receiving rifampicin-based treatment for tuberculosis (TB), the dosage of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is adjusted to prevent sub-therapeutic lopinavir concentrations. In this setting, South African clinicians were advised to administer super-boosted LPV/r (400 mg/400 mg) twice daily, instead of standard dosed LPV/r (400 mg/100 mg) twice daily. We sought to de...

INTRODUCTION Lung protective ventilation (LPV) has been shown to improve survival and the duration of mechanical ventilation in acute lung injury (ALI) patients. Mortality of ALI may vary by gender, which could result from treatment variability. Whether gender is associated with the use of LPV is not known. METHODS A total of 421 severe sepsis-related ALI subjects in the Consortium to Evaluat...

Wind turbine conversion systems require feedback control to achieve reliable wind turbine operation and stable current supply. A robust linear parameter varying (LPV) controller is proposed to reduce the structural loads and improve the power extraction of a horizontal axis wind turbine operating in both the partial load and the full load regions. The LPV model is derived from the wind turbine ...

In this paper, a novel model-based LPV controller synthesis approach is proposed for designing fixed-structure LPV controllers based on an input-output (IO) representation form. Both the LPV-IO LPV model and the LPV-IO controller are assumed to depend affinely and statically on the scheduling variables. By using an implicit representation of the system model and the controller, an exact represe...

This paper presents a data driven solution of the Fault Identification approach Connected to Subspace Identification (FICSI) for Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) systems. The proposed solution links system identification to fault detection and estimation in affine LPV systems. As an extension of the model-based FICSI-LPV, the data driven solution is also formulated based on the affine LPV model s...

BACKGROUND Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) is an effective and commonly used protease inhibitor in HIV-infected adolescents. Previous data showed high plasma concentrations of LPV in Thai patients. This study determined the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of a low-dose LPV/r tablet (70% of standard dose) in HIV-infected Thai adolescents. METHODS A total of 24 adolescents on LPV/r-containing HAART...