The Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli) and the Juniper Titmouse (Baeolophus ridgwayi) are closely related, ecologically similar passerines sympatric in portions of their range. However, Mountain Chickadees prefer higher altitude, cooler habitats than Juniper Titmice. We measured oxygen consumption, evaporative water loss, body temperature, and thermal conductance on seasonally acclimatized in...

BACKGROUND: Ticks are the most important vectors whichtransmit several arthropod-borne diseases such as theileriosis,babesiosis, and anaplasmosis. OBJECTIVES: An epidemiologicalstudy was conducted in Semnan area to determine thecurrent situation of tick infestation in sheep and assess theefficacy of usage of CIS-cypermethrin against tick infestationunder field condition. METHODES: Sampling was ...

This study was conducted to obtain information on the cold hardiness of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Florida and to assess upper and lower temperature thresholds for oviposition. The psyllid is an important pest in citrus because it transmits the bacterial pathogens responsible for citrus greening disease, Huanglongbing, considered the most seri...

In temperate trees, the timings of plant growth onset and cessation affect biogeochemical cycles, water, and energy balance. Currently, phenological studies largely focus on specific phenophases and on their responses to warming. How differently spring phenology responds to the warming and cooling, and affects the subsequent phases, has not been yet investigated in trees. Here, we exposed sapli...

Eocene climate and associated biotic patterns provide an analog system to understand their modern interactions. The relationship between mean annual temperatures and winter temperatures-temperature seasonality-may be an important factor in this dynamic. Fossils of frost-intolerant palms imply low Eocene temperature seasonality into high latitudes, constraining average winter temperatures there ...

The heating capacity and coefficient of performance (COP) of conventional air-source heat pumps decreases towards lower ambient temperatures. In addition, high discharge temperature at the compressor discharge might limit the operation of the heat pump at very low ambient temperatures. Oil injected into the compression chamber at the beginning of the compression process can absorb part of the h...