Abstract This study reviews the direct and indirect effects of higher energy and bread prices (due to removing their subsidies and paying their equivalent in cash instead). Therefore, all consumer goods were classified into 6 groups and a linear expenditure system was estimated based on households’ budget data of 2009 and 2011 for urban and rural areas separately. The results indicate that hi...

Employment, Hours of Work and the Optimal Taxation of Low Income Families The optimal design of low income support is examined using a structural labour supply model. The approach incorporates unobserved heterogeneity, fixed costs of work, childcare costs and the detailed non-convexities of the tax and transfer system. The analysis considers purely Pareto improving reforms and also optimal desi...

OBJECTIVE We examined the association between state Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) income eligibility and the financial burden reported by low-income families raising children with special health care needs (CSHCN). SAMPLE AND METHODS Data on low-income CSHCN and their families were from the National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs (N = 17039)...

like other economic markets, housing market is comprised of supply and demand dimensions and equality of supply and demand makes the housing market balanced. the aim of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of housing market of tehran city and some deficiencies of this market with fundamental – applied methodology. the variable studied here is the saleable residential unit with minim...

Two of the primary programs through which the federal government provides benefits to low income families are the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and the Food Stamp program. However, many eligible low income families do not actually receive these benefits. We combined state-level policy data with rich data on a national sample of low income families to investigate family ...

PURPOSE To quantify the association between food insecurity and smoking among low-income families. DESIGN AND SETTING A retrospective study using data from the 2001 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), a longitudinal study of a representative sample of U.S. men, women, and children and the family units in which they reside. SUBJECTS Low-income families. MEASURES Family income was linked...

The extent to which children start school ready and able to learn can have a long-term impact on their likelihood of success in education and employment. It is well known that children from the poorest backgrounds are already falling behind their more affluent peers at the start of school. But little is known about the school readiness of children from low to middle income families. Analysis of...