Light scattering effects can be noticed every day when we look at the sky or the atmosphere. The main reason why the sky is blue on a sunny day is Rayleigh scattering (after Lord Rayleigh) of sunlight, i.e., the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength. However, for cloud and haze scattering, the Mie theory (after Gustav Mie) is very important where ...

7.01.2 A Historical Perspective on Mantle Dynamics 2 7.01.2.1 Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford (1753-1814) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 7.01.2.2 John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.01.2.3 Henri Claude Bénard (1874-1939) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.01.2...

...If, as is sometimes supposed, science consisted in nothing but the laborious accumulation of facts, it would soon come to a standstill, crushed, as it were, under its own weight...The suggestion of a new idea, or the detection of a law, supersedes much that has previously been a burden on the memory, and by introducing order and coherence facilitates the retention of the remainder in an avai...

The term “random walk” was originally proposed by Karl Pearson in 1905 1 . In a letter to Na­ ture, he gave a simple model to describe a mosquito infestation in a forest. At each time step, a single mosquito moves a fixed length a, at a randomly chosen angle. Pearson wanted to know the distribution of the mosquitos after many steps had been taken. The letter was answered by Lord Rayleigh, who h...

The term “random walk” was originally proposed by Karl Pearson in 1905 1 . In a letter to Na­ ture, he gave a simple model to describe a mosquito infestation in a forest. At each time step, a single mosquito moves a fixed length a, at a randomly chosen angle. Pearson wanted to know the distribution of the mosquitos after many steps had been taken. The letter was answered by Lord Rayleigh, who h...

The term “random walk” was originally proposed by Karl Pearson in 19051. In a letter to Nature, he gave a simple model to describe a mosquito infestation in a forest. At each time step, a single mosquito moves a fixed length a, at a randomly chosen angle. Pearson wanted to know the distribution of the mosquitos after many steps had been taken. The letter was answered by Lord Rayleigh, who had a...

Oakland, MD 21550 The diffraction limit for lensless imaging, defined as the sharpest possible point image obtainable with a pinhole aperture, is analyzed and compared to the corresponding limit for imaging with lenses by means of theoretical considerations and numerical computations using the FresnelLommel diffraction theory for circular apertures. The numerical result (u = p) obtained for the...