This study primarily establishes two things: (1) that monopoly has been pervasive in the U.S. water transportation industry in both the 19th and 20th centuries and has led to prices above competitive levels and the adoption of inefficient technologies and (2) that the competition of railroads has greatly weakened this monopolistic tendency, leading to lower water transport prices and fewer inef...

The classic modifiable risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease (CHD), derived from the Framingham Heart Study and other long-term epidemiological studies, are increased blood pressure, elevated plasma cholesterol, and cigarette smoking. However, evidence has been accumulating for many years suggesting that physical inactivity or the lack of exercise is also a potent force in ...

1 From the Research Section, Tuberculosis Program, Communicable Disease Center, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Bethesda, Maryland. "Present address: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205. 3 Present address: Division of Occupational Health, Public Health Service, Department of Heal...

Today’s marketplace is characterised by turbulence and uncertainty. Market turbulence has tended to increase for a number of reasons. Demand in almost every industrial sector seems to be more volatile than was the case in the past. Product and technology life-cycles have shortened significantly and competitive product introductions make life-cycle demand difficult to predict. At the same time t...

Abstract Organizational wrongdoing is still very much prevalent in today’s society. Traditional and social media are full of examples organizations engaging unethical or illegal behavior. While it difficult – if not impossible to establish whether the ever-increasing number reported cases due an actual increase phenomenon (objectivist view wrongdoing) more attention being paid (social-construct...