BACKGROUND Goltz syndrome or focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) is an uncommon multisystem disorder. Herein, we report a typical case of FDH with unilateral ocular, cutaneous and skeletal features. CASE PRESENTATION a 4-year-old girl presented with microphthalmos and iris coloboma of the left eye, facial asymmetry, and a low-set protruding ear. Cutaneous changes included hypopigmented atrophic mac...

The EEC syndrome (ectrodactyly or lobster-claw deformity, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip and palate) is a rare disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, variable expression, and in some families lack of penetrance. We present the findings in five cases with emphasis on the ocular findings. Lacrimal surgery was performed on three patients with good results in each case. We also report t...

His right leg was shorter than the left and ended in a conical stump. The foot had a well developed big toe and rudimentary second toe, and was located halfway up the lateral aspect ofthe leg (Fig. 1). The lateral three toes were absent. He could grasp the examiner’s two fingers firmly with this clawlike malformation and pick up a rubber ball 4 cm in diameter. His hips, femora, knees, left leg ...

The combination of ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (EEC syndrome) is a rare type of congenital anomaly. It usually occurs as an autosomal-dominant trait or less commonly in a sporadic form. In this complex, multiple congenital anomaly syndrome, any of the three cardinal manifestations may present with variable expressions.

Animals spontaneously initiate goal-directed behavior including foraging action based on their appetitive motivation. The American lobster Homarus americanus exhibits grasping behavior with its crusher claw as feeding behavior that can be initiated after appropriate operant conditioning. In order to quantitatively characterize the goal-directed grasping behavior with a time resolution fine enou...

Spectrophotometric measurements show that the non-medullated nerve of a lobster claw is capable of absorbing methylene blue, azure B, or acid fuchsin dissolved in sea water but this does not necessarily imply that the dyes penetrate into the interior of the nerve.