Long-term human trampling on coastal dune vegetation was analysed using eight 100 × 100m study areas ranging in trampling intensity JJ'om little or no past trampling pressure to severe trampling pressure. All trampling levels significantly reduced species diversity. Total vegetation cover was significantly reduced only in areas with severe and heavy trampling pressure. Where long-term moderate ...

to assess the effects of livestock grazing on soil compaction (density changes), the trampling action of livestock was simulated. the research field was located to the south west of nazarabad in savojbolagh district, south west of tehran province. samples were annually collected based on a completely randomized design. from the triple regions (reference, key and critical) 36 cylindrical cores w...

In semiarid drylands water shortage and trampling by large herbivores are two factors limiting plant growth and distribution. Trampling can strongly affect plant performance, but little is known about responses of morphological and mechanical traits of woody plants to trampling and their possible interaction with water availability. Seedlings of four shrubs (Caragana intermedia, Cynanchum komar...

The negative effects of disturbances on the long-term persistence of populations may be more severe in marginal populations, i.e. those occurring at the boundaries of geographical and ecological distribution ranges. Human trampling is an important source of anthropogenic disturbance for intertidal assemblages. Effects of human trampling on intertidal rocky shore assemblages dominated by Ascophy...

To assess the effects of livestock grazing on soil compaction (density changes), the trampling action of livestock was simulated. The research field was located to the south west of Nazarabad in Savojbolagh district, south west of Tehran Province. Samples were annually collected based on a completely randomized design. From the triple regions (reference, key and critical) 36 cylindrical cores w...

Native shrubs facilitate the establishment of oak seedlings in opencast coal mines rehabilitated to pastures Northern Spain, under a Mediterranean sub-humid climate. We evaluate soil changes as one possible facilitative effects nurse shrubs. hypothesize that on mining soils can improve edaphic properties directly and indirectly by reducing negative trampling grazing ungulates. Thus, we assessed...

Mammalian herbivores have important top-down effects on ecological processes and landscapes by generating vegetation changes through grazing and trampling. For free-ranging herbivores on large landscapes, trampling is an important ecological factor. However, whereas grazing is widely studied, low-intensity trampling is rarely studied and quantified. The cold-adapted northern tundra reindeer (Ra...

Riparian areas link streams with their terrestrial catchments and decrease water pollution by trapping sediments from upland sources before they reach streams or lakes. Livestock grazing in riparian areas is a controversial practice. If not properly managed, cattle can cause degradation to both the riparian zone and adjacent water body. Vegetative, soil microtopographical, microchannel and hydr...