it is obvious that literature means prose and poetry and makes no difference either by arabs or non – arabs. but symbolism in the arabic concept has emerged since the emergence of the dark era’s literature and is loaned from the specific characteristics of dark era’s lives and is based on two elements: brevity and indirect speech. since the symbolism has emerged like a literary school generally...

This paper will give an in-depth discussion of Jesus’ expression “I am Alpha and Omega” (Apocalypse of John = Revelation 1.8) and its influence on the Manichaean writings, on the one hand, and the reason for the division of Mani’s Living Gospel into twenty-two chapters, corresponding to the twenty-two letters of the Manichaean alphabet, on the other. The pape...

Literature and culture are two inseparable issues. When we talk about the culture, the literature can also appear unconsciously, because the culture is composed of thoughts, feelings and emotions and the styles and personal ways of society, which as a general rule, can appear in terms of principles and respectful rules. The literature on the other hand, discloses and transmits these concepts to...

cosmopolitanism, romantic movement, the development and extension of literature through communication devices and advancement of publishing technology were the sources of emergence of comparative literature.the present article studies the attempts of arab literary men in this field after it was introduced into arabic literature.

a majority of books and writing translated from persian literature include persian proverbs among which wisdom and advice are of high importance. these books, as we know, are translated pieces of advice and wisdom from persian and are known as “books of advice”. this paper aims at showing that these books are among the basic principles of persian literature.  having studied historical and liter...

similarity between cultures, languages and arts is natural. literary genres are also related to each other. it is obvious that if literary works are to be concerned with a subject or particular theme, this convergence will be further and clearer. the sacred defense literature, which is a spiritual literature, came to the fore both in poetry and prose more than other literary types. due to its c...

in the islamic civilization and our era, a lot of literary critics became famous, but we hardly ever remember the writer of alghadir, alameh abdulhussein amini, as a great literary critic. in fact he is skillful in his work and use exact meaning in his literature works. yet the writers have forgotten him as a literary critic or theyhave indicated that they forget him. in this essay, i would lik...

the relation between literature and ethics in mikhail naima’s workssardar aslani *ali ahmadi *abstractthe literature insight of mikhail naima reveals human thoughts and all his necessitieswith a truthful expression. morality, however, is a collection of principles supervising thelife process and the man’s prosperity.there is a deep relation between literature and morality in naima works ori...