Synchronized action is considered as a manifestation of shared skill. Most synchronized behaviors in humans and other animals are based on periodic repetition. Aperiodic synchronization of complex action is found in the experimental task of synchronous speaking, in which naive subjects read a common text in lock step. The demonstration of synchronized behavior without a periodic basis is presen...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the instructional methods using web-based instruction (WBI) and cooperative learning (CL) on listening and speaking skills for Mandarin learning among non-Chinese learners at MARA University of Technology in Malaysia. The students’ performance on listening skill was tested by using a standardized listening test while the performance on ...

Following this curriculum, students will learn content-related information while acquiring English language skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The emphasis on teaching English for academic purposes entails the development of thinking skills. LANGUAGE SKILLS ARE INTERDEPENDENT. Listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills are not thought of by language users as independent ...

Users of the test need to be clear what the test is measuring and not measuring. It is measuring written receptive vocabulary knowledge, that is the vocabulary knowledge required for reading. It is not measuring listening vocabulary size, or the vocabulary knowledge needed for speaking and writing. It is also not a measure of reading skill, because although vocabulary size is a critical factor ...

this study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between teachers' personality type (feeling vs. thinking) and speaking skill of pre- intermediate efl students in iranian context. twelve teachers and forty eight students from a local language institute participated in the study. the myers briggs type indicator (mbti), an instrument based on jung’s personality theory, was taken from tea...

This paper discusses the relevance of recent research on the economics of human development to the work of the Human Development and Capability Association. The recent economics of human development brings insights about the dynamics of skill accumulation to an otherwise static literature on capabilities. Skills embodied in agents empower people. Enhanced skills enhance opportunities and hence ...

the concept and phenomena of listening is inevitably, consciously or unconsciously in their daily encounter, hence it is necessary to acquire more knowledge in order to have effective utilization of this concept. the art and skill of good listening will utgrade the quality of our communication with our coworkers and other organization members and enables us to catch the attention, sympathy, aff...