The location of lipopolysaccharides produced by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis during pathogenesis on cassava (Manihot esculenta) was determined by fluorescence and electron microscopy immunolabeling with monoclonal antibodies. During the early stages of infection, pathogen lipopolysaccharides were detected on the outer surface of the bacterial envelope and in areas of the plant middle la...

Lipopolysaccharides, extracted by phenol-water from five strains fo Neisseria gonorrhoeae, were purified by treatment with ribonuclease followed by multiple washes. These preparations were fatal to mice when administered in submicrogram amounts with actinomycin D, the LD50 values varying from 4 to 16 mug/kg. Analyses showed that all preparations contained glucose, galactose, glucosamine, heptos...

A comparison of the immunogenicity of sodium deoxycholate-disrupted lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli cell walls revealed that these fragments, which are nonimmunogenic in the rabbit, have some activity in the mouse. This relationship was independent of the route of immunization and sex, but in both species immunogenicity was restored by dilution or dialysis. Adsorption of disrupted lip...

Non-diffusible residues in the medium were obtained from stationary-phasespent culture medium from Pseudomoms no. 95 by thorough dialysis and freeze-drying. These were added to other cultures at the start of growth and the distribution of 14C between EDTAextractable lipopolysaccharides, non-EDTA-extractable lipopolysaccharides, the remainder of the bacterium and the culture fluid was determined.

The adjuvant action of various lipopolysaccharides on immune responses to syngeneic tissue extract in mice was examined. Only lipopolysaccharides possessing the linear mannose homopolysaccharides as 0-specific polysaccharides exhibited definite adjuvant action on immune responses to the autoantigens. The intensity of this adjuvant activity of lipopolysaccharide from Kiebsiefla 03 seemed to be t...

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) causes citrus canker, provoking defoliation and premature fruit drop with concomitant economical damage. In plant pathogenic bacteria, lipopolysaccharides are important virulence factors, and they are being increasingly recognized as major pathogen-associated molecular patterns for plants. In general, three domains are recognized in a lipopolysaccharide: t...

abstract   the mutagenic and immunosuppressory effects of cyclophosphamide (cyp) are still the primary limitation to wider application for treating a variety of human malignancies. on the one hand, cyp treatment predisposes transplant recipients and cancer patients to risk of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, in the other word the, lipopolysaccharide (lps), an endotoxin found in cell wal...