We compared shell morphology and DNA sequences of the ectosymbiotic bivalves Koreamya (Montacutidae) attached to two different species of inarticulate brachiopods Lingula collected from South Korea. There are some differences in shell morphology between K. arcuata (A. Adams, 1856) attached to Lingula anatina and K. sp. attached to L. adamsi, such as shell outline, periostracum and hinge teeth. ...

Background The positions of the mandibular lingula and foramen have been set as indexes for inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block and ramus osteotomies in orthognathic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the anatomical structures of mandibular ramus, especially the mandibular lingula and foramen, by analyzing the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of young adults. Methods We evaluated ...

Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is a rare but important clinical entity that has been poorly defined in the literature. It is characterized by recurrent or chronic collapse of the middle lobe of the right lung but can also involve the lingula of the left lung. Pathophysiologically, there are two forms of MLS, namely obstructive and nonobstructive. Obstructive MLS is usually caused by endobronchial l...

Back Ground : Mandible being largest and strongest bone of skull, having various morphological features may show changes with reference to age, sex and race. It Very important bone to find out sex of body remains in anthropological practice. Methods: In present study 100 mandibles were collected different medical colleges in Karnataka. We have assessed the shape of coronoid process and Lingula ...

The ramus of mandible presents on its medial surface a little above its centre an irregular foramen called the mandibular foramen. This foramen is guarded by a thin sharp tongue shaped projection in its proximity called the lingula. This foramen transmits the inferior alveolar nerve and the corresponding artery to the mandibular canal (Grays) [1]. Here in , the nerve supplies the pulps of all t...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of panoramic radiograph in locating the position of lingula as an index to estimate the location of mandibular foramen. Methods: The distance measurement in this study was carried out on 30 dry mandibles, composed of at least 2 first molars and one canine. Photography and panoramic radiography of the mandible was performed...

Clinicians frequently see the “right middle lobe” referred to in radiology reports, textbooks, and medical journals. Yet, there is no “left” middle lobe to distinguish it from, save a rare patient with Kartagener syndrome. We do not refer to the lingula as the “left” lingula. “Right” adds nothing to our understanding of the anatomic position of the lobe. So “right” is redundant when talking abo...