Roughness elements or turbulence promoters have been widely used to enhance heat transfer in cooling passages of modern gas turbine blades. Although such ribs substantially enhance heat transfer, the heat transfer coefficient is reduced immediately at corner downstream of each rib, creating hot spots. To remove such hot spots some of the ribs can be detached from the channel walls. In this pape...

Mathematical models are well known as useful tools for water management practices, directly or indirectly related to the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in European countries. They can be applied to solve or understand either simple water quality problems or complex water management problems of trans-boundary rivers or multiple-purpose and stratified reservoirs. Accidental...

We consider nonlinear photoprocesses in a bichromophore, that is, in a molecule consisting of two chromophoric groups (monomers). The phenomena considered include stepwise excitation and collective processes (summation of the excitation energy of two monomers in one of them and nonlinear quenching), as well as energy transfer between the monomers. A system of kinetic (balance) equations describ...

premixed combustion is widely used for reducing pollutant emission from combustion chambers. however, these systems may be sensitive to complex phenomena such as flashback. in the present study flame, flashback and structure of premixed laminar flames are investigated theoretically. the mathematical model includes the axi-symmetric continuity, navier stocks, energy, and species equations. combu...

Environmental chemistry is a new field of study in many chemistry departments and only three published summaries of environmental laboratory experiments are available (1–3). While these laboratory manuals contain excellent experiments for the training of students in environmental monitoring, relatively few standardized procedures have been published for broader issues such as the measuring of f...

The ultimate topic to be touched on in this book is the vast and active field of nonlinear partial differential equations. Leaving aside quantum mechanics, which remains to date an inherently linear theory, most real-world physical systems, including gas dynamics, fluid mechanics, elasticity, relativity, ecology, neurology, thermodynamics, and many more, are modeled by nonlinear partial differe...

The ultimate topic to be touched on in this book is the vast and active field of nonlinear partial differential equations. Leaving aside quantum mechanics, which remains to date an inherently linear theory, most real-world physical systems, including gas dynamics, fluid mechanics, elasticity, relativity, ecology, neurology, thermodynamics, and many more, are modeled by nonlinear partial differe...

This paper presents a general formulation to investigate the scattering from Multilayer Lossy Inhomogeneous Metamaterial Planar Structure (MLIMPS) with arbitrary number of layers and polarization. First, the dominating differential equation of transverse components of electromagnetic fields in each layers derived. Considering the general form of solution of the differential equations and the bo...

introduction water vapor can spread in molecular, unstable and erratic phase and can also transfer by convection and advection process. this transfer happens from the earth and ocean surfaces to the atmosphere in hot air. this type of transfer is considered as the main pattern. in the studies of the atmosphere, one of the prominent factors to be considered is the complexity of water vapor and i...