The cerebral cortex can be functionally subdivided into primary sensory-motor, unimodal association, heteromodal association, paralimbic and limbic regions. Broca was the first who described limbic lobe in 1874, as a ring of gray matter, lying between the diencephalon and more lateral neocortex on the medial surface of the hemisphers. It locates outside of the corpus callosum and consists of su...

Membrane-associated signals expressed in restricted domains of the developing cerebral cortex may mediate axon target recognition during the establishment of thalamocortical projections, which form in a highly precise manner during development. To test this hypothesis, we first analyzed the outgrowth of thalamic explants from limbic and nonlimbic nuclei on membrane substrates prepared from limb...

Studies of adults with schizophrenia provide converging evidence for abnormalities in the limbic system. Limbic structures that show consistent patient/control differences in both postmortem and neuroimaging studies include the anterior cingulate and hippocampus, although differences in the amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and fornix have also been observed. Studies of white matter in children ...

Evolutionarily older brain systems, such as the limbic system, appear to serve fundamental aspects of emotional processing and provide relevant and motivational information for phylogenetically more recent brain systems to regulate complex behaviors. Overall, overt behavior is, in part, determined by the interactions of multiple learning and memory systems, some seemingly complementary and some...