In this paper we review the observational results on Relic radio sources in clusters of galaxies. We discuss their observational properties, structures and radio spectra. We will show that Relics can be divided according to their size, morphology, and location in the galaxy cluster. These differences could be related to physical properties of Relic sources. The comparison with cluster condition...

This article examines Buddhist axiology. In section 1, the article argues against the dominant interpretations of what the ultimate good is in Buddhist ethics. In section 2, the article argues for a novel interpretation of Buddhist value theory. This is the Nirodha View, which maintains that for at least the Pāli Buddhist tradition, the cessation of suffering is the sole intrinsic good. In sect...

ABSTRACT Giant radio relics are arc-like structures of diffuse, non-thermal synchrotron radiation that trace shock waves induced by galaxy cluster mergers. The particle (re-)acceleration mechanism producing such is unclear. One major open question whether can be formed directly from a population thermal seed electrons, or if pre-existing relativistic electrons required. In some cases, active ga...

Poly-tRNA theory have revealed that the tRNA gene-clusters in the Bacillus subtilis trrnD- and rrnB-operons are relics of early peptide-synthesizing RNA apparatus. The trrnD-type and rrnB-type poly-tRNA models were re-analyzed by using recent databases. The results elucidated that the 16 amino acid (aa)-trrnD- and the 21 aa-rrnB-peptides (whose aa sequences are in the order of aa specificities ...

In several merging clusters of galaxies so-called cluster radio relics have been observed. These are extended radio sources which do not seem to be associated with any radio galaxy. Two competing physical mechanisms to accelerate the radio emitting electrons have been proposed: (i) diffusive shock acceleration and (ii) adiabatic compression of fossil radio plasma by merger shock waves. Here the...

Describing anything as ‘Buddhist’, including in this case a distinctively Buddhist bioethics, is fundamentally problematic from both a historic and Buddhist point of view. Historically, the Buddhist tradition has evolved in dozens of countries for 2500 years, with no one tradition having clear doctrinal authority over the others. Internally, even if a common Buddhist ethics was implicit in the ...

This paper is an effort to present the mind-body problem from a Buddhist point of view. Firstly, I show that the Buddhist distinction between mind and body is not absolute, but instead merely employed as a communicative tool to aid the understanding of human beings in a holistic light. Since Buddhism acknowledges a mind-body distinction only on a conventional level, it would not be fair to clai...

This essay focuses on the theme of intersubjectivity, which is central to the entire Indo-Tibetan Buddhist tradition. It addresses the following five themes pertaining to Buddhist concepts of intersubjectivity: (1) the Buddhist practice of the cultivation of meditative quiescence challenges the hypothesis that individual human consciousness emerges solely from the dynamic interrelation of self ...